ContentProvider内容提供者和ContentResolver内容访问者

ContentProvider调用关系

在创建ContentProvider前，首先要实现底层的数据源，数据源包括数据库、文件系统或网络等，然后继承ContentProvider类中实现基本数据操作的接口函数。调用者不能直接调用ContentProvider的接口函数，需要通过ContentResolver对象，通过URI间接调用ContentProvider

创建数据提供者

1，创建一个类让其继承ContentProvider，并重载6个函数

onCreate()
一般用来初始化底层数据集和建立数据连接等工作

getType()
用来返回指定URI的MIME数据类型，若URI是单条数据，则返回的MIME数据类型以vnd.android.cursor.item开头；若URI是多条数据，则返回的MIME数据类型以vnd.android.cursor.dir/开头。

insert()、delete()、update()、query()
用于对数据集的增删改查操作。

我们来实现一个小demo

1,首先写一个类继承ContentProvider

package com.zking.provider;

import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;

import com.zking.db.DbHelper;

/**
 * Created by hgz on 2017/2/14.
 */

public class MyProvider extends ContentProvider{

    private SQLiteDatabase database;
    private static final int PERSONS=1;
    private static final int PERSON=2;
    private UriMatcher uriMatcher;

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        Log.i("test","onCreate");
        DbHelper dbHelper= new DbHelper(getContext(),"G150831.db",null,1);
        database = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();

        //实例化URI匹配器
        uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
        //添加匹配规则
        uriMatcher.addURI("com.zking.hgz_android_24_contentprovider","persons",MyProvider.PERSONS);
        uriMatcher.addURI("com.zking.hgz_android_24_contentprovider","person/#",MyProvider.PERSON);
        return false;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
        Log.i("test","query");
        int code=uriMatcher.match(uri);
        switch (code){
            case MyProvider.PERSONS:
                return database.query(true,"person",projection,selection,selectionArgs,null,null,sortOrder,null);
            case MyProvider.PERSON:
                //获取#的值
                long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri);
                return database.rawQuery("select * from person where _id=?",new String[]{id+""});
        }
        return  null;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public String getType(Uri uri) {
        Log.i("test","getType");
        return null;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
        Log.i("test","insert");
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        Log.i("test","delete");
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        Log.i("test","update");
        return 0;
    }
}

再次说明一下，必须要自己写数据源，我这里是建了一个person表存在数据库里面的。

AndroidManifest.xml

 <provider
            android:authorities="com.zking.hgz_android_24_contentprovider"
            android:name="com.zking.provider.MyProvider"
            android:exported="true"></provider>

一个类我们的数据提供者就写完了，当然不要忘记配置

2，我们想要拿数据首先要获得ContentResolver

package com.zking.hgz_android_24_2contentresolver;

import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ContentResolver contentResolver;
    private Uri uri;
    private EditText et_main;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        et_main = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_main);
        //首先得到内容访问者
        contentResolver = getContentResolver();
    }

    public void getdata(View view){
        if(TextUtils.isEmpty(et_main.getText())){
            //查询所有
            uri = Uri.parse("content://com.zking.hgz_android_24_contentprovider/persons");
        }else{
            //查询单个
            String id=et_main.getText().toString();
            uri = Uri.parse("content://com.zking.hgz_android_24_contentprovider/persons/"+id);
        }
        Cursor cursor=contentResolver.query(uri,null,null,null,null);
        while (cursor.moveToNext()){
            int id=cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("_id"));
            String name=cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
            int age=cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("age"));
            Log.i("test",""+id+","+name+","+age);
        }
    }
}

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:id="@+id/activity_main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.zking.hgz_android_24_2contentresolver.MainActivity">


    <EditText
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/et_main"
        android:hint="请输入ID"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="查询"
        android:onClick="getdata"/>
</LinearLayout>