【go语言调度之timer】

在上一篇说了timer是如何创建出来，已经对应的源码，可以看出来这个是绑定在了当前的goroutine上的P的times，并且在未来的指定时间去执行。

之前看过gopark的源码都知道，在gopark最后，对调用park方法，然后会最后调用schedule方法，也就是重新寻找可以执行的goroutine。其实schedule的方法最重要是寻找可以执行的goroutine，也就是findRunnable方法。

然后看一下findRunnable的方法。

// Finds a runnable goroutine to execute.
// Tries to steal from other P's, get g from local or global queue, poll network.
// tryWakeP indicates that the returned goroutine is not normal (GC worker, trace
// reader) so the caller should try to wake a P.
func findRunnable() (gp *g, inheritTime, tryWakeP bool) {
	_g_ := getg()

	// The conditions here and in handoffp must agree: if
	// findrunnable would return a G to run, handoffp must start
	// an M.

top:
	_p_ := _g_.m.p.ptr()
	if sched.gcwaiting != 0 {
		gcstopm()
		goto top
	}
	if _p_.runSafePointFn != 0 {
		runSafePointFn()
	}

	// now and pollUntil are saved for work stealing later,
	// which may steal timers. It's important that between now
	// and then, nothing blocks, so these numbers remain mostly
	// relevant.
	now, pollUntil, _ := checkTimers(_p_, 0)
	........

可以看出这里的checkTimers就是执行timer的地方

// checkTimers runs any timers for the P that are ready.
// If now is not 0 it is the current time.
// It returns the passed time or the current time if now was passed as 0.
// and the time when the next timer should run or 0 if there is no next timer,
// and reports whether it ran any timers.
// If the time when the next timer should run is not 0,
// it is always larger than the returned time.
// We pass now in and out to avoid extra calls of nanotime.
//
//go:yeswritebarrierrec
func checkTimers(pp *p, now int64) (rnow, pollUntil int64, ran bool) {
	// If it's not yet time for the first timer, or the first adjusted
	// timer, then there is nothing to do.
	next := int64(atomic.Load64(&pp.timer0When))
	nextAdj := int64(atomic.Load64(&pp.timerModifiedEarliest))
	if next == 0 || (nextAdj != 0 && nextAdj < next) {
		next = nextAdj
	}
    // 判断是否有需要执行的timer
	if next == 0 {
		// No timers to run or adjust.
		return now, 0, false
	}
    // 传入的now是0，那么就使用当前的
	if now == 0 {
		now = nanotime()
	}
	// 判断是否有需要执行的timer
	if now < next {
		// Next timer is not ready to run, but keep going
		// if we would clear deleted timers.
		// This corresponds to the condition below where
		// we decide whether to call clearDeletedTimers.
		if pp != getg().m.p.ptr() || int(atomic.Load(&pp.deletedTimers)) <= int(atomic.Load(&pp.numTimers)/4) {
			return now, next, false
		}
	}
    // 加锁
	lock(&pp.timersLock)
    // 加锁后再判断一次
	if len(pp.timers) > 0 {
	    // 根据当前的时间再次调整P的timers 调整timers中的顺序 因为存在reset重置的情况
		adjusttimers(pp, now)
		for len(pp.timers) > 0 {
			// Note that runtimer may temporarily unlock
			// pp.timersLock.
			if tw := runtimer(pp, now); tw != 0 {
				if tw > 0 {
					pollUntil = tw
				}
				break
			}
			ran = true
		}
	}

	// If this is the local P, and there are a lot of deleted timers,
	// clear them out. We only do this for the local P to reduce
	// lock contention on timersLock.
	if pp == getg().m.p.ptr() && int(atomic.Load(&pp.deletedTimers)) > len(pp.timers)/4 {
		clearDeletedTimers(pp)
	}

	unlock(&pp.timersLock)

	return now, pollUntil, ran
}

这里runtimer核心，接下来看一下runtimer的实现

// runtimer examines the first timer in timers. If it is ready based on now,
// it runs the timer and removes or updates it.
// Returns 0 if it ran a timer, -1 if there are no more timers, or the time
// when the first timer should run.
// The caller must have locked the timers for pp.
// If a timer is run, this will temporarily unlock the timers.
//
//go:systemstack
func runtimer(pp *p, now int64) int64 {
	for {
		t := pp.timers[0]
		if t.pp.ptr() != pp {
			throw("runtimer: bad p")
		}
		// 判断当前状态
		switch s := atomic.Load(&t.status); s {
		case timerWaiting:
		    // 是否到执行的时间
			if t.when > now {
				// Not ready to run.
				return t.when
			}
            // 切换为运行状态
			if !atomic.Cas(&t.status, s, timerRunning) {
				continue
			}
			// Note that runOneTimer may temporarily unlock
			// pp.timersLock.
			runOneTimer(pp, t, now)
			return 0

		case timerDeleted:
			if !atomic.Cas(&t.status, s, timerRemoving) {
				continue
			}
			// 删除timer
			dodeltimer0(pp)
			if !atomic.Cas(&t.status, timerRemoving, timerRemoved) {
				badTimer()
			}
			atomic.Xadd(&pp.deletedTimers, -1)
			if len(pp.timers) == 0 {
				return -1
			}

		case timerModifiedEarlier, timerModifiedLater:
			if !atomic.Cas(&t.status, s, timerMoving) {
				continue
			}
			// 先删除再重新添加 调整顺序
			t.when = t.nextwhen
			dodeltimer0(pp)
			doaddtimer(pp, t)
			if !atomic.Cas(&t.status, timerMoving, timerWaiting) {
				badTimer()
			}

		case timerModifying:
			// Wait for modification to complete.
			osyield()

		case timerNoStatus, timerRemoved:
			// Should not see a new or inactive timer on the heap.
			badTimer()
		case timerRunning, timerRemoving, timerMoving:
			// These should only be set when timers are locked,
			// and we didn't do it.
			badTimer()
		default:
			badTimer()
		}
	}
}

再看一下runOneTimer这个方法

// runOneTimer runs a single timer.
// The caller must have locked the timers for pp.
// This will temporarily unlock the timers while running the timer function.
//
//go:systemstack
func runOneTimer(pp *p, t *timer, now int64) {
	if raceenabled {
		ppcur := getg().m.p.ptr()
		if ppcur.timerRaceCtx == 0 {
			ppcur.timerRaceCtx = racegostart(abi.FuncPCABIInternal(runtimer) + sys.PCQuantum)
		}
		raceacquirectx(ppcur.timerRaceCtx, unsafe.Pointer(t))
	}

	f := t.f
	arg := t.arg
	seq := t.seq
    // 注意就是ticker的情况
	if t.period > 0 {
		// Leave in heap but adjust next time to fire.
		delta := t.when - now
		t.when += t.period * (1 + -delta/t.period)
		if t.when < 0 { // check for overflow.
			t.when = maxWhen
		}
		siftdownTimer(pp.timers, 0)
		// 再次将运行中切换为等待
		if !atomic.Cas(&t.status, timerRunning, timerWaiting) {
			badTimer()
		}
		updateTimer0When(pp)
	} else {
		// Remove from heap.
		dodeltimer0(pp)
		if !atomic.Cas(&t.status, timerRunning, timerNoStatus) {
			badTimer()
		}
	}

	if raceenabled {
		// Temporarily use the current P's racectx for g0.
		gp := getg()
		if gp.racectx != 0 {
			throw("runOneTimer: unexpected racectx")
		}
		gp.racectx = gp.m.p.ptr().timerRaceCtx
	}

	unlock(&pp.timersLock)
    // 执行方法
	f(arg, seq)

	lock(&pp.timersLock)

	if raceenabled {
		gp := getg()
		gp.racectx = 0
	}
}

这f就是

// sendTime does a non-blocking send of the current time on c.
func sendTime(c any, seq uintptr) {
	select {
	case c.(chan Time) <- Now():
	default:
	}
}

也就是向监听的channel发送一个当前时间。也就是触发了我们select的动作。