深入理解Handler及其应用——下载功能

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-22 11:53:14 发布

王小栗

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-22 11:53:14 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37687466/article/details/106158418

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深入理解Handler及其应用——下载功能

1.概述

Handler

A handler allows you to send and process Message and Runnable objects associated with a thread’s MessageQueue.

handler 允许发送和处理与线程的MessageQueue关联的Message和Runnable对象。

Each Handler instance is associated with a single thread and that thread’s message queue. When you create a new Handler it is bound to a Looper. It will deliver messages and runnables to that Looper’s message queue and execute them on that Looper’s thread.

每个Handler实例都与一个线程和该线程的消息队列关联。创建新的处理程序时，它将绑定到Looper。它将消息和可运行对象传递到该Looper的消息队列，并在该Looper的线程上执行它们。

There are two main uses for a Handler:

(1) to schedule messages and runnables to be executed at some point in the future;

安排消息和可运行对象在将来的某个时刻执行；(定时任务)

(2) to enqueue an action to be performed on a different thread than your own.

使要在不同于你自己的线程上执行的操作排队。（实现线程之间的通信）

Looper 循环者

Class used to run a message loop for a thread. Threads by default do not have a message loop associated with them; to create one, call prepare() in the thread that is to run the loop, and then loop() to have it process messages until the loop is stopped.

用于为线程运行消息循环的类。默认情况下，线程没有与之关联的消息循环。要创建一个，在运行循环的线程中调用prepare()，然后使用loop()使其处理消息，直到循环停止为止。

Message 消息

Defines a message containing a description and arbitrary data object that can be sent to a Handler. This object contains two extra int fields and an extra object field that allow you to not do allocations in many cases.

定义一条消息，其中包含可以发送到处理程序的描述和任意数据对象。该对象包含两个额外的int字段和一个额外的object字段，使您在许多情况下不进行分配。

MessageQueue 消息队列

Low-level class holding the list of messages to be dispatched by a Looper. Messages are not added directly to a MessageQueue, but rather through Handler objects associated with the Looper.

包含要由Looper调度的消息列表的低级类。消息不是直接添加到MessageQueue，而是通过与Looper关联的Handler对象添加。

————源自开发文档

子线程中使用Handler

默认情况下，线程没有与之关联的消息循环。要创建一个，在运行循环的线程中调用prepare()，然后使用loop()使其处理消息，直到循环停止为止。

由于主线程中已经为我们建好了loop(),并且已经调用好了prepare()，所以我们在主线程中我们不用考虑loop的问题。

而在子线程中使用Handler，首先需要prepare()

button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                
                //子线程中使用Handler
                Looper.prepare();
                Handler handler = new Handler();
                Looper.loop();
             

            }
        }).start();
    }
});

2.Handler 的简单实现

代码实现

 
    private Handler handler;

@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
{
    
    ...
//创建Handler
 handler= new Handler(){
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
        super.handleMessage(msg);
        //主线程：接到子线程发来的消息，处理消息
        if(msg.what==1001){

            contextTxt.setText(result);
        }
    }
};

}   
        //按钮点击可开启子线程
        //子线程一般处理比较耗时的操作，如网络请求等
         new Thread(new Runnable() {
               @Override
               public void run() {
                  ...
                   //子线程中通知UI更新
               handler.sendEmptyMessage(1001);     
               }
           }).start();

常用方法

1.sendMessage()方法，参数为Message对象



  //使用 Message.obtain()创建Message,因为其中存在缓存机制
                Message message = Message.obtain();
                message.what = 1002;
                message.arg1 = 1;
                message.arg2 = 50;
                message.obj = MainActivity.this;
                //1.sendMessage()方法，参数为Message对象
               handler.sendMessage(message);

2.sendMessageAtTime()方法：定时发送信息

参数1：Message对象参数2：定时时间 uptimeMillis

handler.sendMessageAtTime(message,SystemClock.uptimeMillis()+3000);

3.sendMessageDelayed()方法：延时发送信息

参数1：Message对象参数2：延时时间 delayedtimeMillis

 handler.sendMessageDelayed(message,2000);

4.post()方法：添加Runnable对象到消息队列中

参数为Runnable对象

handler.post(new Runnable() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
    ...
    }
});

3.实例——下载文件并更新进度条

Step 1 创建布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".DownloadHandlerActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button"
        android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="179dp"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="96dp" />

    <ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/progressBar"
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:max="100"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="208dp"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="201dp" />
</LinearLayout>

Step 2 主线程点击按键发起下载

button = findViewById(R.id.button);
//主线程：点击按键
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
         url = "http:download.sj.qq.com/upload/connAssitantDownload/upload/MobileAssistant_1.apk";

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                download(url);

            }
        }).start();
    }
});


 private void download(String appUrl) {
        try {
            URL url = new URL(appUrl);
            URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection();

            //创建输入流
            InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
            //获取文件的总长度
            int contentLength = urlConnection.getContentLength();
            //设置存储目录
            String downloadFileName = getExternalFilesDir(null)
                               + File.separator + "imooc" +File.separator;

            Log.d(TAG,downloadFileName);
            File  file = new File(downloadFileName);
            if(!file.exists()){
                file.mkdir();
            }

            String fileName = downloadFileName+"imooc.apk";
            //创建apkFile
            File apkFile = new File(fileName);
            if(apkFile.exists()){
                apkFile.delete();
            }
            //获取下载时的长度
            int downloadSize = 0;

            //创建字节数组
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            int length = 0;
            //创建输出流

            OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(fileName);

            while ( (length= inputStream.read(bytes))!= -1){
                //将bytes写入outputStream
                outputStream.write(bytes,0,length);
                downloadSize +=length;

                /**
                 * 更新UI
                 * */
         ...
            }
            //关闭输入输出流
            inputStream.close();
            outputStream.close();



        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            Message message =Message.obtain();
            message.obj = "下载失败！";
            message.what = DOWNLOAD_MESSAGE_FAIL_CODE;
            handler.sendMessage(message);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }  catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

Step 3 下载过程中通知更新UI

  //子线程通知
/**
             * 更新UI
             * */

            Message message =Message.obtain();
            message.obj = downloadSize*100/contentLength;
            message.what = DOWNLOAD_MESSAGE_CODE;
            handler.sendMessage(message);

Step 4 主线程更新进度条

progressBar=findViewById(R.id.progressBar);
//创建Handler对象
 handler = new Handler(){
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
        super.handleMessage(msg);

        switch (msg.what){
            case DOWNLOAD_MESSAGE_CODE:
                progressBar.setProgress((Integer) msg.obj);
                break;
            case DOWNLOAD_MESSAGE_FAIL_CODE:
                Toast.makeText(DownloadHandlerActivity.this,"下载失败！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
};