块设备驱动模板

内核版本：4.14.0
基于设备树

1. 使用请求队列，请求队列会用到I/O调度器，适合机械硬盘这种存储设备。

#include <linux/module.h> 
#include <linux/blkdev.h> 
#include <linux/hdreg.h> 

#define RAMDISK_SIZE		(2*1024*1024)		/* capacity size is 2MB */
#define RAMDISK_NAME		"ramdisk"
#define RAMDISK_MINORS		3					/* The number of disk partitions */

/* ramdisk device struct */
struct ramdisk_info{
	int major;						/* major device id */
	unsigned char *ramdisk_buf;		/* ramdisk memory space */
	spinlock_t spinlock;
	struct gendisk *gendisk;
	struct request_queue *queue;
};

static struct ramdisk_info ramdisk;

/* 
 * @description : handling the transfer 
 * @param-req 	: request 
 * @return 		: none 
 */ 
static void ramdisk_transfer(struct request *req)
{
	void *buffer;
	
	/* 
	 * Gets the byte address and size of the write or read disk.
	 * blk_rq_pos gets the sector address, which is converted to a byte address by a left shift of 9 bits.
	 * blk_rq_cur_bytes gets the size. 
	 */ 
	unsigned long start = blk_rq_pos(req)<<9;
	unsigned long len = blk_rq_cur_bytes(req);
	
	/* the data buffer in the bio */
	buffer = bio_data(req->bio);
	
	if (READ == rq_data_dir(req))
		memcpy(buffer, ramdisk.ramdisk_buf+start, len);
	else
		memcpy(ramdisk.ramdisk_buf+start, buffer, len);
}

/* 
 * @description : request handler function 
 * @param-q 	: request queue  
 * @return 		: none
 */ 
static void ramdisk_request_fn(struct request_queue *queue)
{
	struct request *req;
	
	blk_status_t err = BLK_STS_OK;
	
	/* loop processes each request in the request queue */
	req = blk_fetch_request(queue);
	while (req != NULL)
	{
		/* specific transfer processing for the request */
		ramdisk_transfer(req);
		
		if (!__blk_end_request_cur(req, err))
			req = blk_fetch_request(queue);
	}
}

/* 
 * @description : open the block device 
 * @param - dev : block device 
 * @param - mode : the open mode 
 * @return : 0 means success, others means failure 
 */ 
static int ramdisk_open(struct block_device *dev, fmode_t mode) 
{ 
	printk(KERN_INFO "ramdisk opened\n"); 
	return 0; 
}

/*
 * @description : release the block device 
 * @param - disk : gendisk 
 * @param - mode : mode 
 * @return : 0 means success, others means failure
 */ 
static void ramdisk_release(struct gendisk *disk, fmode_t mode) 
{ 
	printk("ramdisk released\n"); 
} 

/* 
 * @description : get information of gendisk 
 * @param - dev : block device 
 * @param - geo : mode 
 * @return : 0 means success, others means failure
 */ 
static int ramdisk_getgeo(struct block_device *dev, struct hd_geometry *geo) 
{ 
	/* 这是相对于机械硬盘的概念 */ 
	geo->heads = 2; 				//磁头
	geo->cylinders = 32; 			//柱面 
	geo->sectors = RAMDISK_SIZE / (2 * 32 *512); // 磁道上的扇区数量 
	return 0; 
} 

static struct block_device_operations ramdisk_fops = { 
	.owner = THIS_MODULE, 
	.open = ramdisk_open, 
	.release = ramdisk_release, 
	.getgeo = ramdisk_getgeo, 
}; 

static int __init ramdisk_init(void)
{
	int ret;
	
	/* Allocate memory for the ramdisk */
	ramdisk.ramdisk_buf = kzalloc(RAMDISK_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (NULL == ramdisk.ramdisk_buf)
		return -ENOMEM;
	
	/* Initialize the spinlock */
	spin_lock_init(&ramdisk.spinlock);
	
	/* register block device */
	ramdisk.major = register_blkdev(0, RAMDISK_NAME);
	if (ramdisk.major < 0)
	{
		ret = ramdisk.major;
		goto out1;
	}
	
	printk(KERN_INFO "ramdisk major = %d\n", ramdisk.major);
	
	/* Allocate and initialize the gendisk */
	ramdisk.gendisk = alloc_disk(RAMDISK_MINORS);
	if (!ramdisk.gendisk)
	{
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out2;
	}
	
	/* Allocate and initialize the request queue */
	ramdisk.queue = blk_init_queue(ramdisk_request_fn, &ramdisk.spinlock);
	if (!ramdisk.queue)
	{
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out3;
	}
	
	/* Adding (registering) the disk */
	ramdisk.gendisk->major = ramdisk.major;				/* major device id */
	ramdisk.gendisk->first_minor = 0;					/* first minor device id */
	ramdisk.gendisk->fops = &ramdisk_fops;				/* operation function */
	ramdisk.gendisk->private_data = &ramdisk; 
	ramdisk.gendisk->queue = ramdisk.queue;
	strcpy(ramdisk.gendisk->disk_name, RAMDISK_NAME);
	set_capacity(ramdisk.gendisk, RAMDISK_SIZE / 512);	/* device capacity (in sectors(512M)) */
	
	add_disk(ramdisk.gendisk);
	
	return 0;	

out3:
	put_disk(ramdisk.gendisk);
	
out2:
	unregister_blkdev(ramdisk.major, RAMDISK_NAME);
	
out1:
	kfree(ramdisk.ramdisk_buf);
	
	return ret;
}

static void __exit ramdisk_exit(void)
{
	/* uninstall gendisk */
	del_gendisk(ramdisk.gendisk);
	
	/* clean up request queue */
	blk_cleanup_queue(ramdisk.queue);
	
	/* release gendisk */
	put_disk(ramdisk.gendisk);
	
	/* unregister block device */
	unregister_blkdev(ramdisk.major, RAMDISK_NAME);
	
	/* release memory */
	kfree(ramdisk.ramdisk_buf);
}

module_init(ramdisk_init); 
module_exit(ramdisk_exit); 

/* 
 *  Author, driver information and LICENSE.
 */ 
MODULE_AUTHOR("蒋楼丶");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(RAMDISK_NAME" Driver"); 
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

2. 对于EMMC、SD、ramdisk这样没有机械结构的存储设备，我们可以直接访问任意一个扇区，因此可以不需要I/O调度器，也就不需要请求队列了。

#include <linux/module.h> 
#include <linux/blkdev.h> 
#include <linux/hdreg.h> 

#define RAMDISK_SIZE		(2*1024*1024)		/* capacity size is 2MB */
#define RAMDISK_NAME		"ramdisk"
#define RAMDISK_MINORS		3					/* The number of disk partitions */

/* ramdisk device struct */
struct ramdisk_info{
	int major;						/* major device id */
	unsigned char *ramdisk_buf;		/* ramdisk memory space */
	struct gendisk *gendisk;
	struct request_queue *queue;
};

static struct ramdisk_info ramdisk;

/* 
 * @description : "make request" function
 * @param-queue : request queue
 * @return 		: none 
 */ 
static blk_qc_t ramdisk_make_request_fn(struct request_queue *queue, struct bio *bio)
{
	int offset;
	struct bio_vec bvec;
	struct bvec_iter iter;
	char *ptr;
	unsigned long len;
	
	/* get offset address of device */
	offset = bio->bi_iter.bi_sector<<9;
	
	/* loop process each segment in the bio */
	bio_for_each_segment(bvec, bio, iter)
	{
		ptr = page_address(bvec.bv_page)+bvec.bv_offset;
		len = bvec.bv_len;
		
		if (bio_data_dir(bio) == READ)
			memcpy(ptr, ramdisk.ramdisk_buf+offset, len);
		else
			memcpy(ramdisk.ramdisk_buf+offset, ptr, len);
		
		offset += len;
	}
	
	bio_endio(bio);
	
	return BLK_QC_T_NONE;
}

/* 
 * @description : open the block device 
 * @param - dev : block device 
 * @param - mode : the open mode 
 * @return : 0 means success, others means failure 
 */ 
static int ramdisk_open(struct block_device *dev, fmode_t mode) 
{ 
	printk(KERN_INFO "ramdisk opened\n"); 
	return 0; 
}

/*
 * @description : release the block device 
 * @param - disk : gendisk 
 * @param - mode : mode 
 * @return : 0 means success, others means failure
 */ 
static void ramdisk_release(struct gendisk *disk, fmode_t mode) 
{ 
	printk("ramdisk released\n"); 
} 

/* 
 * @description : get information of gendisk 
 * @param - dev : block device 
 * @param - geo : mode 
 * @return : 0 means success, others means failure
 */ 
static int ramdisk_getgeo(struct block_device *dev, struct hd_geometry *geo) 
{ 
	/* 这是相对于机械硬盘的概念 */ 
	geo->heads = 2; 				//磁头
	geo->cylinders = 32; 			//柱面 
	geo->sectors = RAMDISK_SIZE / (2 * 32 *512); // 磁道上的扇区数量 
	return 0; 
} 

static struct block_device_operations ramdisk_fops = { 
	.owner = THIS_MODULE, 
	.open = ramdisk_open, 
	.release = ramdisk_release, 
	.getgeo = ramdisk_getgeo, 
}; 

static int __init ramdisk_init(void)
{
	int ret;
	
	/* Allocate memory for the ramdisk */
	ramdisk.ramdisk_buf = kzalloc(RAMDISK_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (NULL == ramdisk.ramdisk_buf)
		return -ENOMEM;
	
	/* register block device */
	ramdisk.major = register_blkdev(0, RAMDISK_NAME);
	if (ramdisk.major < 0)
	{
		ret = ramdisk.major;
		goto out1;
	}
	
	printk(KERN_INFO "ramdisk major = %d\n", ramdisk.major);
	
	/* Allocate and initialize the gendisk */
	ramdisk.gendisk = alloc_disk(RAMDISK_MINORS);
	if (!ramdisk.gendisk)
	{
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out2;
	}
	
	/* Allocate the request queue */
	ramdisk.queue = blk_alloc_queue(GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!ramdisk.queue)
	{
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out3;
	}
	
	/* set "make request" function */
	blk_queue_make_request(ramdisk.queue, ramdisk_make_request_fn);
	
	/* Adding (registering) the disk */
	ramdisk.gendisk->major = ramdisk.major;				/* major device id */
	ramdisk.gendisk->first_minor = 0;					/* first minor device id */
	ramdisk.gendisk->fops = &ramdisk_fops;				/* operation function */
	ramdisk.gendisk->private_data = &ramdisk; 
	ramdisk.gendisk->queue = ramdisk.queue;
	strcpy(ramdisk.gendisk->disk_name, RAMDISK_NAME);
	set_capacity(ramdisk.gendisk, RAMDISK_SIZE / 512);	/* device capacity (in sectors(512M)) */
	
	add_disk(ramdisk.gendisk);
	
	return 0;	

out3:
	put_disk(ramdisk.gendisk);
	
out2:
	unregister_blkdev(ramdisk.major, RAMDISK_NAME);
	
out1:
	kfree(ramdisk.ramdisk_buf);
	
	return ret;
}

static void __exit ramdisk_exit(void)
{
	/* uninstall gendisk */
	del_gendisk(ramdisk.gendisk);
	
	/* clean up request queue */
	blk_cleanup_queue(ramdisk.queue);
	
	/* release gendisk */
	put_disk(ramdisk.gendisk);
	
	/* unregister block device */
	unregister_blkdev(ramdisk.major, RAMDISK_NAME);
	
	/* release memory */
	kfree(ramdisk.ramdisk_buf);
}

module_init(ramdisk_init); 
module_exit(ramdisk_exit); 

/* 
 *  Author, driver information and LICENSE.
 */ 
MODULE_AUTHOR("蒋楼丶");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(RAMDISK_NAME" Driver"); 
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");