内核版本:4.14.0
基于设备树
- 使用请求队列,请求队列会用到I/O调度器,适合机械硬盘这种存储设备。
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/hdreg.h>
#define RAMDISK_SIZE (2*1024*1024) /* capacity size is 2MB */
#define RAMDISK_NAME "ramdisk"
#define RAMDISK_MINORS 3 /* The number of disk partitions */
/* ramdisk device struct */
struct ramdisk_info{
int major; /* major device id */
unsigned char *ramdisk_buf; /* ramdisk memory space */
spinlock_t spinlock;
struct gendisk *gendisk;
struct request_queue *queue;
};
static struct ramdisk_info ramdisk;
/*
* @description : handling the transfer
* @param-req : request
* @return : none
*/
static void ramdisk_transfer(struct request *req)
{
void *buffer;
/*
* Gets the byte address and size of the write or read disk.
* blk_rq_pos gets the sector address, which is converted to a byte address by a left shift of 9 bits.
* blk_rq_cur_bytes gets the size.
*/
unsigned long start = blk_rq_pos(req)<<9;
unsigned long len = blk_rq_cur_bytes(req);
/* the data buffer in the bio */
buffer = bio_data(req->bio);
if (READ == rq_data_dir(req))
memcpy(buffer, ramdisk.ramdisk_buf+start, len);
else
memcpy(ramdisk.ramdisk_buf+start, buffer, len);
}
/*
* @description : request handler function
* @param-q : request queue
* @return : none
*/
static void ramdisk_request_fn(struct request_queue *queue)
{
struct request *req;
blk_status_t err = BLK_STS_OK;
/* loop processes each request in the request queue */
req = blk_fetch_request(queue);
while (req != NULL)
{
/* specific transfer processing for the request */
ramdisk_transfer(req);
if (!__blk_end_request_cur(req, err))
req = blk_fetch_request(queue);
}
}
/*
* @description : open the block device
* @param - dev : block device
* @param - mode : the open mode
* @return : 0 means success, others means failure
*/
static int ramdisk_open(struct block_device *dev, fmode_t mode)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "ramdisk opened\n");
return 0;
}
/*
* @description : release the block device
* @param - disk : gendisk
* @param - mode : mode
* @return : 0 means success, others means failure
*/
static void ramdisk_release(struct gendisk *disk, fmode_t mode)
{
printk("ramdisk released\n");
}
/*
* @description : get information of gendisk
* @param - dev : block device
* @param - geo : mode
* @return : 0 means success, others means failure
*/
static int ramdisk_getgeo(struct block_device *dev, struct hd_geometry *geo)
{
/* 这是相对于机械硬盘的概念 */
geo->heads = 2; //磁头
geo->cylinders = 32; //柱面
geo->sectors = RAMDISK_SIZE / (2 * 32 *512); // 磁道上的扇区数量
return 0;
}
static struct block_device_operations ramdisk_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = ramdisk_open,
.release = ramdisk_release,
.getgeo = ramdisk_getgeo,
};
static int __init ramdisk_init(void)
{
int ret;
/* Allocate memory for the ramdisk */
ramdisk.ramdisk_buf = kzalloc(RAMDISK_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
if (NULL == ramdisk.ramdisk_buf)
return -ENOMEM;
/* Initialize the spinlock */
spin_lock_init(&ramdisk.spinlock);
/* register block device */
ramdisk.major = register_blkdev(0, RAMDISK_NAME);
if (ramdisk.major < 0)
{
ret = ramdisk.major;
goto out1;
}
printk(KERN_INFO "ramdisk major = %d\n", ramdisk.major);
/* Allocate and initialize the gendisk */
ramdisk.gendisk = alloc_disk(RAMDISK_MINORS);
if (!ramdisk.gendisk)
{
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto out2;
}
/* Allocate and initialize the request queue */
ramdisk.queue = blk_init_queue(ramdisk_request_fn, &ramdisk.spinlock);
if (!ramdisk.queue)
{
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto out3;
}
/* Adding (registering) the disk */
ramdisk.gendisk->major = ramdisk.major; /* major device id */
ramdisk.gendisk->first_minor = 0; /* first minor device id */
ramdisk.gendisk->fops = &ramdisk_fops; /* operation function */
ramdisk.gendisk->private_data = &ramdisk;
ramdisk.gendisk->queue = ramdisk.queue;
strcpy(ramdisk.gendisk->disk_name, RAMDISK_NAME);
set_capacity(ramdisk.gendisk, RAMDISK_SIZE / 512); /* device capacity (in sectors(512M)) */
add_disk(ramdisk.gendisk);
return 0;
out3:
put_disk(ramdisk.gendisk);
out2:
unregister_blkdev(ramdisk.major, RAMDISK_NAME);
out1:
kfree(ramdisk.ramdisk_buf);
return ret;
}
static void __exit ramdisk_exit(void)
{
/* uninstall gendisk */
del_gendisk(ramdisk.gendisk);
/* clean up request queue */
blk_cleanup_queue(ramdisk.queue);
/* release gendisk */
put_disk(ramdisk.gendisk);
/* unregister block device */
unregister_blkdev(ramdisk.major, RAMDISK_NAME);
/* release memory */
kfree(ramdisk.ramdisk_buf);
}
module_init(ramdisk_init);
module_exit(ramdisk_exit);
/*
* Author, driver information and LICENSE.
*/
MODULE_AUTHOR("蒋楼丶");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(RAMDISK_NAME" Driver");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
- 对于EMMC、SD、ramdisk这样没有机械结构的存储设备,我们可以直接访问任意一个扇区,因此可以不需要I/O调度器,也就不需要请求队列了。
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/hdreg.h>
#define RAMDISK_SIZE (2*1024*1024) /* capacity size is 2MB */
#define RAMDISK_NAME "ramdisk"
#define RAMDISK_MINORS 3 /* The number of disk partitions */
/* ramdisk device struct */
struct ramdisk_info{
int major; /* major device id */
unsigned char *ramdisk_buf; /* ramdisk memory space */
struct gendisk *gendisk;
struct request_queue *queue;
};
static struct ramdisk_info ramdisk;
/*
* @description : "make request" function
* @param-queue : request queue
* @return : none
*/
static blk_qc_t ramdisk_make_request_fn(struct request_queue *queue, struct bio *bio)
{
int offset;
struct bio_vec bvec;
struct bvec_iter iter;
char *ptr;
unsigned long len;
/* get offset address of device */
offset = bio->bi_iter.bi_sector<<9;
/* loop process each segment in the bio */
bio_for_each_segment(bvec, bio, iter)
{
ptr = page_address(bvec.bv_page)+bvec.bv_offset;
len = bvec.bv_len;
if (bio_data_dir(bio) == READ)
memcpy(ptr, ramdisk.ramdisk_buf+offset, len);
else
memcpy(ramdisk.ramdisk_buf+offset, ptr, len);
offset += len;
}
bio_endio(bio);
return BLK_QC_T_NONE;
}
/*
* @description : open the block device
* @param - dev : block device
* @param - mode : the open mode
* @return : 0 means success, others means failure
*/
static int ramdisk_open(struct block_device *dev, fmode_t mode)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "ramdisk opened\n");
return 0;
}
/*
* @description : release the block device
* @param - disk : gendisk
* @param - mode : mode
* @return : 0 means success, others means failure
*/
static void ramdisk_release(struct gendisk *disk, fmode_t mode)
{
printk("ramdisk released\n");
}
/*
* @description : get information of gendisk
* @param - dev : block device
* @param - geo : mode
* @return : 0 means success, others means failure
*/
static int ramdisk_getgeo(struct block_device *dev, struct hd_geometry *geo)
{
/* 这是相对于机械硬盘的概念 */
geo->heads = 2; //磁头
geo->cylinders = 32; //柱面
geo->sectors = RAMDISK_SIZE / (2 * 32 *512); // 磁道上的扇区数量
return 0;
}
static struct block_device_operations ramdisk_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = ramdisk_open,
.release = ramdisk_release,
.getgeo = ramdisk_getgeo,
};
static int __init ramdisk_init(void)
{
int ret;
/* Allocate memory for the ramdisk */
ramdisk.ramdisk_buf = kzalloc(RAMDISK_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
if (NULL == ramdisk.ramdisk_buf)
return -ENOMEM;
/* register block device */
ramdisk.major = register_blkdev(0, RAMDISK_NAME);
if (ramdisk.major < 0)
{
ret = ramdisk.major;
goto out1;
}
printk(KERN_INFO "ramdisk major = %d\n", ramdisk.major);
/* Allocate and initialize the gendisk */
ramdisk.gendisk = alloc_disk(RAMDISK_MINORS);
if (!ramdisk.gendisk)
{
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto out2;
}
/* Allocate the request queue */
ramdisk.queue = blk_alloc_queue(GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ramdisk.queue)
{
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto out3;
}
/* set "make request" function */
blk_queue_make_request(ramdisk.queue, ramdisk_make_request_fn);
/* Adding (registering) the disk */
ramdisk.gendisk->major = ramdisk.major; /* major device id */
ramdisk.gendisk->first_minor = 0; /* first minor device id */
ramdisk.gendisk->fops = &ramdisk_fops; /* operation function */
ramdisk.gendisk->private_data = &ramdisk;
ramdisk.gendisk->queue = ramdisk.queue;
strcpy(ramdisk.gendisk->disk_name, RAMDISK_NAME);
set_capacity(ramdisk.gendisk, RAMDISK_SIZE / 512); /* device capacity (in sectors(512M)) */
add_disk(ramdisk.gendisk);
return 0;
out3:
put_disk(ramdisk.gendisk);
out2:
unregister_blkdev(ramdisk.major, RAMDISK_NAME);
out1:
kfree(ramdisk.ramdisk_buf);
return ret;
}
static void __exit ramdisk_exit(void)
{
/* uninstall gendisk */
del_gendisk(ramdisk.gendisk);
/* clean up request queue */
blk_cleanup_queue(ramdisk.queue);
/* release gendisk */
put_disk(ramdisk.gendisk);
/* unregister block device */
unregister_blkdev(ramdisk.major, RAMDISK_NAME);
/* release memory */
kfree(ramdisk.ramdisk_buf);
}
module_init(ramdisk_init);
module_exit(ramdisk_exit);
/*
* Author, driver information and LICENSE.
*/
MODULE_AUTHOR("蒋楼丶");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(RAMDISK_NAME" Driver");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");