通过Python批量下载星历数据

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最新推荐文章于 2025-02-28 00:19:18 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37959253/article/details/144645548

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通过Python下载星历数据

星历数据来源 https://celestrak.org/
其他星历搜索网站https://www.n2yo.com/ , http://rod.sladen.org.uk/

前提:安装python环境

1.控制台输入指令

pip install requests

C:\Users\Dexter>pip install requests
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already satisfied: requests in c:\users\dexter\appdata\local\packages\pythonsoftwarefoundation.python.3.12_qbz5n2kfra8p0\localcache\local-packages\python312\site-packages (2.32.3)
Requirement already satisfied: charset-normalizer<4,>=2 in c:\users\dexter\appdata\local\packages\pythonsoftwarefoundation.python.3.12_qbz5n2kfra8p0\localcache\local-packages\python312\site-packages (from requests) (3.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: idna<4,>=2.5 in c:\users\dexter\appdata\local\packages\pythonsoftwarefoundation.python.3.12_qbz5n2kfra8p0\localcache\local-packages\python312\site-packages (from requests) (3.10)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<3,>=1.21.1 in c:\users\dexter\appdata\local\packages\pythonsoftwarefoundation.python.3.12_qbz5n2kfra8p0\localcache\local-packages\python312\site-packages (from requests) (2.2.3)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in c:\users\dexter\appdata\local\packages\pythonsoftwarefoundation.python.3.12_qbz5n2kfra8p0\localcache\local-packages\python312\site-packages (from requests) (2024.12.14)

C:\Users\Dexter>

2.新建文件urls.txt，粘贴以下内容

https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=last-30-days&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=stations&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=visual&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=active&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=analyst&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=cosmos-1408-debris&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=fengyun-1c-debris&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=iridium-33-debris&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=cosmos-2251-debris&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=weather&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=noaa&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=goes&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=resource&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=sarsat&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=dmc&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=tdrss&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=argos&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=planet&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=spire&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=geo&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?SPECIAL=gpz&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?SPECIAL=gpz-plus&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=intelsat&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=ses&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=eutelsat&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=iridium&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=iridium-NEXT&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=starlink&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=oneweb&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=orbcomm&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=globalstar&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=swarm&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=amateur&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=satnogs&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=x-comm&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=other-comm&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=gorizont&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=raduga&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=molniya&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=gnss&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=gps-ops&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=glo-ops&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=galileo&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=beidou&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=sbas&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=nnss&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=musson&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=science&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=geodetic&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=engineering&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=military&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=radar&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=cubesat&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=other&FORMAT=tle
https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=education&FORMAT=tle

3.新建文件eph.py

"""
按类别下载星历
http://celestrak.org网站取消了直接下载全部类别星历的功能，改为只能按分类下载
因此将各分类的url写入到url.txt中，然后逐一下载、合并写入到ephs.txt文件中
"""
import requests
import sys


def eph(ephUrl):
    session = requests.session()
    rep = session.get(ephUrl)
    return rep.status_code == 200, rep.text


def clean():
    with open(r'ephs.txt', 'r') as f:
        source = f.readlines()
    if not source or len(source) < 1:
        return
    num = int(len(source) / 3)  # 总行数/3=卫星数量
    dest = source[:3]  # 前3行（第一颗星）认为是不重复的
    for i in range(1, num):
        sat = source[i * 3]  # 卫星名称行
        line1 = source[i * 3 + 1]  # 第一行tle
        line2 = source[i * 3 + 2]  # 第二行tle
        if dest.count(line1) == 0:  # 不是重复的卫星星历
            dest.append(sat)
            dest.append(line1)
            dest.append(line2)
    with open('ephs.txt', 'w') as f:  # 保存到文件
        f.writelines(dest)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    with open('url.txt', 'r') as f:
        urls = f.readlines()
    if not urls or len(urls) < 1:
        print('没有找到星历下载URL列表')
        sys.exit()
    mode = 'w'  # 初次打开文件时使用覆盖方式
    for url in urls:
        one = url.replace('\n', '')
        success, text = eph(one)
        print(f'完成{one}下载，{success}')
        if success:
            # python的write方法会把\r转换成\n，导致文件生成空行，因此先去除\r，再去除多余的\n
            while text.count('\r') > 0:
                text = text.replace('\r', '')
            while text.count('\n\n') > 0:
                text = text.replace('\n\n', '\n')
            with open(r'ephs.txt', mode) as f:
                f.write(text)
                if not text.endswith('\n'):  # 确保有换行符
                    f.write('\n')
                mode = 'a'  # 后续打开文件使用追加方式
        else:
            print(f'下载星历列表失败：{url}')
    # 清理重复数据
    clean()

在控制台执行 eph.py指令

python eph.py