【单元测试】自动生成定制化的junit单元测试类

---

背景

在做单元测试的过程中，经常需要新建测试类，方便我们对接口进行单元测试。但这个手动的创建过程，相对比较缓慢，有些通用的地方是否可以一键生成。下面就介绍一种自动生成测试类的方法，而且可以根据实际需求，生成定制化的测试类。

---

一、自动生成Excel文件

该excel主要用于存放接口测试用例的模版，对应一个接口方法一个sheet，如下图

对应生成此Excel的代码

genExcelFile方法

public static void genExcelFile(Class<?> clazz) {
        //获取类名
        String excelFileName = clazz.getSimpleName();
        File excelFileDir = new File(ServiceTemplate.EXCEL_FILE_PATH);
        //判断Excel目录是否存在
        if(!excelFileDir.exists())
            excelFileDir.mkdirs();
        File excelFile = new File(excelFileDir,excelFileName+".xlsx");
        Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
        XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();

        for (Method method : methods){
            
            Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
            String paramJson = "";
            try {
                paramJson = new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(parameterTypes[0].newInstance());
            }catch (Exception e){
                paramJson = "{}";
            }
            XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(method.getName());
            sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth(15);
            //**预留，可根据自己需求定制
            writeCell(sheet,0,0,"caseName",true);
            writeCell(sheet,0,1,"caseDescription",false);
            writeCell(sheet,0,2,"caseType",false);
            writeCell(sheet,0,3,"casePriority",false);
            writeCell(sheet,0,4,"caseRun",false);
            writeCell(sheet,0,5,"paramJson",false);
            writeCell(sheet,0,6,"url",false);

            writeCell(sheet,1,0,"用例名称",true);
            writeCell(sheet,1,1,"用例描述",false);
            writeCell(sheet,1,2,"正常流程",false);
            writeCell(sheet,1,3,"P0",false);
            writeCell(sheet,1,4,"Y",false);
            writeCell(sheet,1,5,paramJson,false);
            writeCell(sheet,1,6,"/",false);
        }

        FileOutputStream fo;
        try {
            fo = new FileOutputStream(excelFile);
            workbook.write(fo);
            fo.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

writeCell方法

/**
     * 写入数据到表格
     * @param sheet
     * @param rowNum
     * @param cellNum
     * @param value
     * @param isCreate
     */
    private static void writeCell(XSSFSheet sheet, int rowNum, int cellNum,String value,boolean... isCreate){
        XSSFRow row = null;
        if(isCreate.length == 0 || isCreate[0]){
            row = sheet.createRow(rowNum);
        }else{
            row = sheet.getRow(rowNum);
        }
        XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(cellNum);
        cell.setCellValue(value);
    }

二、生成测试类文件

1.genTestFile方法

代码如下（示例）：

/**
     * 生成测试入口文件
     * @param clazz
     */
    private static void genTestFile(Class<?> clazz){
        String testFileName = "Test"+clazz.getSimpleName();
        File testFileDir = new File(TestTemplate.TEST_FILE_PATH);
        String serviceFileName = "Service"+clazz.getSimpleName();

        //判断Excel目录是否存在
        if(!testFileDir.exists())
            testFileDir.mkdirs();
        File testFile = new File(testFileDir,testFileName+".java");

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(TestTemplate.test_template);
        //生成测试类
        for (Method method : clazz.getMethods()){
            String methodString = TestTemplate.method_template;
            methodString = methodString.replaceAll("\\$methodName",method.getName());
            methodString = methodString.replaceAll("\\$serviceName",serviceFileName);
            sb.insert(sb.indexOf("//method"),methodString);
        }
        try {
            String writeStr =  sb.toString();
            writeStr = writeStr.replaceAll("\\$serviceName",serviceFileName);
            writeStr = writeStr.replaceAll("\\$testFileName",testFileName);
            writeStr = writeStr.replaceAll("\\$excelFileName",clazz.getSimpleName());
            BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(testFile));
            bw.write(writeStr);
            bw.flush();
            bw.close();
        }catch (IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

2.生成的测试类示例

根据自身项目定制生成的测试类（此示例根据自身需求定制），
生成的@DataDriver，就是获取excel中的接口测试用例数据，

总结

写这些方法的目的，就是为了方便大家更加快速的做单元测试，提升效率。如果有更好的建议，欢迎大家来一起交流探讨。
喜欢的朋友动动发财的小手，帮忙点个赞