nvidia-smi错误：NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn‘t communicate with the NVIDIA driver.

(1)详细报错信息如下：

NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn't communicate with the NVIDIA driver. Make sure that the latest NVIDIA driver is installed and running.

（2）输入命令：nvcc -V

查看驱动信息

nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2017 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Fri_Nov__3_21:07:56_CDT_2017
Cuda compilation tools, release 9.1, V9.1.85

（3）输入命令：ls /usr/src | grep nvidia

查看已安装驱动版本

nvidia-470.86

（4）依次输入以下命令：

sudo apt-get install dkms
sudo dkms install -m nvidia -v 470.86

得到如下信息：

Creating symlink /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/470.86/source ->
                 /usr/src/nvidia-470.86

DKMS: add completed.

Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel.  Skipping...

Building module:
cleaning build area...
'make' -j32 NV_EXCLUDE_BUILD_MODULES='' KERNEL_UNAME=4.15.0-163-generic IGNORE_CC_MISMATCH='' modules.......
cleaning build area...

DKMS: build completed.

nvidia.ko:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/4.15.0-163-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-uvm.ko:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/4.15.0-163-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-modeset.ko:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/4.15.0-163-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-drm.ko:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/4.15.0-163-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-peermem.ko:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/4.15.0-163-generic/updates/dkms/

depmod...

DKMS: install completed.

（5）再输入nvidia-smi

查看显卡信息。