c++萃取技术

萃取(traits)技术
参考网页
https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types
C++11提供很多类型萃取接口，这些接口是一些类模板。
通过萃取接口中的value值为true，false获取信息。

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <map>
#include <list>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <functional>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

template <typename T>
void printTraitsInfo(const T& t)
{
    cout << "--------------begin-----------" << endl;
    cout << "我们要萃取的类型名字是：" << typeid(T).name() << endl;
    cout << "is_void = " << is_void<T>::value << endl;                                    //类型是否是void
    cout << "is_class = " << is_class<T>::value << endl;                                  //类型是否是一个class
    cout << "is_object = " << is_object<T>::value << endl;                                //类型是否是 一个对象类型
    cout << "is_pod = " << is_pod<T>::value << endl;                                      //是否普通类（只包含成员变量，不包含成员函数）；   POD(plain old data)
    cout << "is_default_constructible = " << is_default_constructible<T>::value << endl;  //是否有缺省构造函数
    cout << "is_copy_constructible = " << is_copy_constructible<T>::value << endl;        //是否有拷贝构造函数
    cout << "is_move_constructible = " << is_move_constructible<T>::value << endl;        //是否有移动构造函数
    cout << "is_destructible = " << is_destructible<T>::value << endl;                    //是否有析构函数
    cout << "is_polymorphic = " << is_polymorphic<T>::value << endl;                      //是否含有虚函数
    cout << "is_trivially_default_constructible = " << is_trivially_default_constructible<T>::value << endl;      //缺省拷贝构造函数是否是可有可无的(没有也行的),返回1表示确实可有可无
    cout << "has_virtual_destructor = " << has_virtual_destructor<T>::value << endl;      //是否有虚析构函数
    cout << "--------------end-------------" << endl;
}

class A
{
public:
    A() = default;
    A(A&& ta) = delete;           //移动构造：你要不写delete，系统一般就会认为你有这个成员函数；
    A(const A& ta) = delete;      //拷贝构造 
    virtual ~A() {}
};
class B
{
public:
    int m_i;
    int m_j;
};
class C
{
public:
    C(int t) {} //有自己的构造函数，编译器不会给你提供缺省构造函数
};
void func()
{
    printTraitsInfo(int());     //临时对象
    printTraitsInfo(string());
    printTraitsInfo(A());
    printTraitsInfo(B());
    printTraitsInfo(C(1));
    printTraitsInfo(list<int>());
}

int main()
{
    func();
    return 1;
}

--------------begin-----------
我们要萃取的类型名字是：int
is_void = 0
is_class = 0
is_object = 1
is_pod = 1
is_default_constructible = 1
is_copy_constructible = 1
is_move_constructible = 1
is_destructible = 1
is_polymorphic = 0
is_trivially_default_constructible = 1
has_virtual_destructor = 0
--------------end-------------
--------------begin-----------
我们要萃取的类型名字是：class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >
is_void = 0
is_class = 1
is_object = 1
is_pod = 0
is_default_constructible = 1
is_copy_constructible = 1
is_move_constructible = 1
is_destructible = 1
is_polymorphic = 0
is_trivially_default_constructible = 0
has_virtual_destructor = 0
--------------end-------------
--------------begin-----------
我们要萃取的类型名字是：class A
is_void = 0
is_class = 1
is_object = 1
is_pod = 0
is_default_constructible = 1
is_copy_constructible = 0
is_move_constructible = 0
is_destructible = 1
is_polymorphic = 1
is_trivially_default_constructible = 0
has_virtual_destructor = 1
--------------end-------------
--------------begin-----------
我们要萃取的类型名字是：class B
is_void = 0
is_class = 1
is_object = 1
is_pod = 1
is_default_constructible = 1
is_copy_constructible = 1
is_move_constructible = 1
is_destructible = 1
is_polymorphic = 0
is_trivially_default_constructible = 1
has_virtual_destructor = 0
--------------end-------------
--------------begin-----------
我们要萃取的类型名字是：class C
is_void = 0
is_class = 1
is_object = 1
is_pod = 0
is_default_constructible = 0
is_copy_constructible = 1
is_move_constructible = 1
is_destructible = 1
is_polymorphic = 0
is_trivially_default_constructible = 0
has_virtual_destructor = 0
--------------end-------------
--------------begin-----------
我们要萃取的类型名字是：class std::list<int,class std::allocator<int> >
is_void = 0
is_class = 1
is_object = 1
is_pod = 0
is_default_constructible = 1
is_copy_constructible = 1
is_move_constructible = 1
is_destructible = 1
is_polymorphic = 0
is_trivially_default_constructible = 0
has_virtual_destructor = 0
--------------end-------------