C++之{}的作用

{}：打包作用，限定变量的范围。
在main函数中，单独的{}限定了dog_2与cat_2的范围，当运行到 ‘}’ 时，自动调用Dog与Cat的析构函数，释放Dog与Cat

#include <iostream>

class Pet
{
    public :
        Pet(std::string TheName);
        ~Pet();

        static int getCount();
    protected:
        std::string name;
    private:
        static int count;
};

class Dog : public Pet
{
    public :
        Dog(std::string theName);
};

class Cat : public Pet
{
    public:
        Cat(std::string theName);
};

int Pet::count = 0;

Pet::Pet(std::string theName)
{
    name = theName;
    count++;

    std::cout << "一直宠物出生了，名字叫做：" <<name <<"\n";
}

Pet::~Pet()
{
    count--;
    std::cout <<name <<"挂掉了 \n";
}

int Pet::getCount()
{
    return count;
}

Dog::Dog(std::string theName) : Pet(theName)
{
}

Cat::Cat(std::string theName):Pet(theName)
{
}

int main()
{
    Dog dog("Tom");
    Cat cat("Jerry");

    std::cout <<"\n已经诞生了"<<Pet::getCount()<<"个宠物\n";

    {
        Dog dog_2("dog_02");
        Cat cat_2("cat_2");
        std::cout << "\n已经诞生了" << Pet::getCount() << "只宠物\n";
    }

    std::cout <<"\n一共"<<Pet::getCount()<<"个宠物\n";
}