LeetCode 72 - 编辑距离

题目描述
给定两个单词 word1 和 word2，计算出将 word1 转换成 word2 所使用的最少操作数 。
你可以对一个单词进行如下三种操作：
插入一个字符
删除一个字符
替换一个字符
示例 1:
输入: word1 = “horse”, word2 = “ros”
输出: 3
解释:
horse -> rorse (将 ‘h’ 替换为 ‘r’)
rorse -> rose (删除 ‘r’)
rose -> ros (删除 ‘e’)
示例 2:
输入: word1 = “intention”, word2 = “execution”
输出: 5
解释:
intention -> inention (删除 ‘t’)
inention -> enention (将 ‘i’ 替换为 ‘e’)
enention -> exention (将 ‘n’ 替换为 ‘x’)
exention -> exection (将 ‘n’ 替换为 ‘c’)
exection -> execution (插入 ‘u’)

解法一：递归

编辑距离面试题详解

class Solution:
    def minDistance(self, word1: str, word2: str) -> int:
        import functools
        @functools.lru_cache(None)
        def helper(i, j):
            if i == len(word1) or j == len(word2):
                return len(word1) - i + len(word2) - j
            if word1[i] == word2[j]:
                return helper(i + 1, j + 1)
            else:
                inserted = helper(i, j + 1)
                deleted = helper(i + 1, j)
                replaced = helper(i + 1, j + 1)
                return min(inserted, deleted, replaced) + 1
        return helper(0, 0)

解法二：动态规划（Python）

自底向上 和自顶向下

class Solution:
    def minDistance(self, word1: str, word2: str) -> int:
        n1 = len(word1)
        n2 = len(word2)
        dp = [[0] * (n2 + 1) for _ in range(n1 + 1)]
        # 第一行
        for j in range(1, n2 + 1):
            dp[0][j] = dp[0][j-1] + 1
        # 第一列
        for i in range(1, n1 + 1):
            dp[i][0] = dp[i-1][0] + 1
        for i in range(1, n1 + 1):
            for j in range(1, n2 + 1):
                if word1[i-1] == word2[j-1]:
                    dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]
                else:
                    dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j-1], dp[i-1][j], dp[i-1][j-1] ) + 1
        #print(dp)      
        return dp[-1][-1]