OpenCV python 下 RGB和HSI颜色模型的互相转换

由于OpenCV没有内置的RGB和HSI颜色模型的转换，网上也很少python下的转换，所以分享下我写的。

RGB转HSI 的转换原理如下：

HSI转RGB的原理如下：

 

要注意的重点就是RGB原来是在[0,255]之间，通过上述转换为[0,1]之间的HSI颜色模型后，最后应该通过都乘上255扩张为[0,255]范围，以方便显示。HSI在转换回RGB时，也是需要先放缩到[0,1]间，然后R乘360，来计算RGB的值，结果再放大到[0,255]以方便显示。

还有一个需要注意的地方就是math库里的余弦函数cos(x)里的参数x是弧度表示的，所以对于角度y,我们需要通过y*math.pi/180来转换成对应弧度。

import cv2
import numpy as np
import math


def rgbtohsi(rgb_lwpImg):
    rows = int(rgb_lwpImg.shape[0])
    cols = int(rgb_lwpImg.shape[1])
    B, G, R = cv2.split(rgb_lwpImg)
    # 归一化到[0,1]
    B = B / 255.0
    G = G / 255.0
    R = R / 255.0
    hsi_lwpImg = rgb_lwpImg.copy()
    H, S, I = cv2.split(hsi_lwpImg)
    for i in range(rows):
        for j in range(cols):
            num = 0.5 * ((R[i, j] - G[i, j]) + (R[i, j] - B[i, j]))
            den = np.sqrt((R[i, j] - G[i, j]) ** 2 + (R[i, j] - B[i, j]) * (G[i, j] - B[i, j]))
            theta = float(np.arccos(num / den))

            if den == 0:
                H = 0
            elif B[i, j] <= G[i, j]:
                H = theta
            else:
                H = 2 * 3.14169265 - theta

            min_RGB = min(min(B[i, j], G[i, j]), R[i, j])
            sum = B[i, j] + G[i, j] + R[i, j]
            if sum == 0:
                S = 0
            else:
                S = 1 - 3 * min_RGB / sum

            H = H / (2 * 3.14159265)
            I = sum / 3.0
            # 输出HSI图像，扩充到255以方便显示，一般H分量在[0,2pi]之间，S和I在[0,1]之间
            hsi_lwpImg[i, j, 0] = H * 255
            hsi_lwpImg[i, j, 1] = S * 255
            hsi_lwpImg[i, j, 2] = I * 255
    return hsi_lwpImg

def hsitorgb(hsi_img):
    h = int(hsi_img.shape[0])
    w = int(hsi_img.shape[1])
    H, S, I = cv2.split(hsi_img)
    H = H / 255.0
    S = S / 255.0
    I = I / 255.0
    bgr_img = hsi_img.copy()
    B, G, R = cv2.split(bgr_img)
    for i in range(h):
        for j in range(w):
            if S[i, j] < 1e-6:
                R = I[i, j]
                G = I[i, j]
                B = I[i, j]
            else:
                H[i, j] *= 360
                if H[i, j] > 0 and H[i, j] <= 120:
                    B = I[i, j] * (1 - S[i, j])
                    R = I[i, j] * (1 + (S[i, j] * math.cos(H[i, j]*math.pi/180)) / math.cos((60 - H[i, j])*math.pi/180))
                    G = 3 * I[i, j] - (R + B)
                elif H[i, j] > 120 and H[i, j] <= 240:
                    H[i, j] = H[i, j] - 120
                    R = I[i, j] * (1 - S[i, j])
                    G = I[i, j] * (1 + (S[i, j] * math.cos(H[i, j]*math.pi/180)) / math.cos((60 - H[i, j])*math.pi/180))
                    B = 3 * I[i, j] - (R + G)
                elif H[i, j] > 240 and H[i, j] <= 360:
                    H[i, j] = H[i, j] - 240
                    G = I[i, j] * (1 - S[i, j])
                    B = I[i, j] * (1 + (S[i, j] * math.cos(H[i, j]*math.pi/180)) / math.cos((60 - H[i, j])*math.pi/180))
                    R = 3 * I[i, j] - (G + B)
            bgr_img[i, j, 0] = B * 255
            bgr_img[i, j, 1] = G * 255
            bgr_img[i, j, 2] = R * 255
    return bgr_img

以下三幅图依次是原图像，转换成HSI下的图像，以及转换回rgb下的图像：