PAT 甲级 A1103

最新推荐文章于 2020-11-26 11:32:11 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2020-11-26 11:32:11 发布

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1103 Integer Factorization (30分)

题目描述

The K−P factorization of a positive integer N is to write N as the sum of the P-th power of K positive integers. You are supposed to write a program to find the K−P factorization of N for any positive integers N, K and P.

输入格式

Each input file contains one test case which gives in a line the three positive integers N (≤400), K (≤N) and P (1<P≤7). The numbers in a line are separated by a space.

N = n[1]^P + … n[K]^P
where n[i] (i = 1, …, K) is the i-th factor. All the factors must be printed in non-increasing order.

where n[i] (i = 1, …, K) is the i-th factor. All the factors must be printed in non-increasing order.

Note: the solution may not be unique. For example, the 5-2 factorization of 169 has 9 solutions, such as $12^{2}$ + $4^{2}$ + $2^{2}$ + $2^{2}$ + $1^{2}$ , or $11^{2}$ + $6^{2}$ + $2^{2}$ + $2^{2}$ + $2^{2}$ , or more. You must output the one with the maximum sum of the factors. If there is a tie, the largest factor sequence must be chosen – sequence { a1,a2,⋯,aK } is said to be larger than { b1,b2,⋯,bK } if there exists 1≤L≤K such that ai=bi for i<L and aL>bL.

If there is no solution, simple output Impossible.

Sample Input:

169 5 2

Sample Output:

169 = 6^2 + 6^2 + 6^2 + 6^2 + 5^2

总结

这题先要把题目读明白,题目要找的是给定一个N，然后要输出K个数，使N= $a_1^{p}$ + $a_2^{p}$ +…+ $a_k^{p}$ ,如果有多个解则选择 $a_1+a_2+...+a_k$ 最大的解，若还有多个解则找到字典序最大的解(也就是说, 题目给的 $12^{2}$ + $4^{2}$ + $2^{2}$ + $2^{2}$ + $1^{2}$ 字典序比 $11^{2}$ + $6^{2}$ + $2^{2}$ + $2^{2}$ + $2^{2}$ 的字典序要大)
不妨把 $n^{p}$ 都存入到一个数组fac中，这样的话就变成了在这个数组里面找k个数,使得其和等于N，并且从底数最大的开始找(因为这样默认的话字典序最大)
用深度优先搜索解决此问题，index为fac数组中的下标，nowK为选择的个数，sum为当前选的个数和，facSum为底数和。递归出口有两个：一个是其个数满足k且和为N时，另一个出口是sum过大或下标越界或选择的底数大于等于k。
在进行递归时，只有两种方案，一种是选择当前的底数，另一种是不选择当前的底数。若选择了当前的底数，则需要把当前的数存放到一个temp数组中去，并进入下层递归时修改对应的参数，递归完毕时将该底数出栈，寻求另外的解。若不选择当前的数，只修改序号，其他参数不变。

AC代码

#include <iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
int n, k, p, fac[30], num = 0, maxFacSum = -1;
vector<int> temp, ans;
void DFS(int index, int nowK, int sum, int facSum) {
	if (nowK == k && sum == n) {
		if (facSum > maxFacSum) {
			maxFacSum = facSum;
			ans = temp;
		}
		return;
	}
	if (index < 1 || nowK >= k || sum >= n) return;
	//选择当前因子
	temp.push_back(index);
	DFS(index, nowK + 1, sum + fac[index], facSum + index);
	temp.pop_back();
	DFS(index - 1, nowK, sum, facSum); //不选当前因子
}
int main() {
	scanf("%d %d %d", &n, &k, &p);
	while (pow(num, p) <= n) { //计算p次方
		fac[num] = pow(num, p);
		num++;
	}
	DFS(num-1, 0, 0, 0);
	if(maxFacSum==-1) printf("Impossible\n");
	else {
		printf("%d = %d^%d", n, ans[0], p);
		for (int i = 1; i < ans.size(); i++) {
			printf(" + %d^%d", ans[i], p);
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
	return 0;
}