struct msgbuf {
long mtype;//指定type
char mtext[80];//要传的内容
};
使用时要注意发送和接收时的mtype（typeflag值不为0的情况下）保持一致。（具体如下面例子）
bug
In Linux 3.13 and earlier, if msgrcv() was called with the MSG_COPY flag, but without IPC_NOWAIT, and the message queue contained less than msgtyp messages, then the call would block until the next message is written to the queue. At that point, the call would return a copy of the message, regardless of whether that message was at the ordinal position msg‐typ. This bug is fixed in Linux 3.14.
Specifying both MSG_COPY and MSC_EXCEPT in msgflg is a logical error (since these flags impose different interpretations on msgtyp). In Linux 3.13 and earlier, this error was not diagnosed by msgrcv(). This bug is fixed in Linux 3.14.
官方例子
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
struct msgbuf {
long mtype;
char mtext[80];
};
static void
usage(char *prog_name, char *msg)
{
if (msg != NULL)
fputs(msg, stderr);
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [options]\n", prog_name);
fprintf(stderr, "Options are:\n");
fprintf(stderr, "-s send message using msgsnd()\n");
fprintf(stderr, "-r read message using msgrcv()\n");
fprintf(stderr, "-t message type (default is 1)\n");
fprintf(stderr, "-k message queue key (default is 1234)\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
static void send_msg(int qid, int msgtype)
{
struct msgbuf msg;
time_t t;
msg.mtype = msgtype;//注意类型，要和接收的类型保持一致
time(&t);
snprintf(msg.mtext, sizeof(msg.mtext), "a message at %s",
ctime(&t));
if (msgsnd(qid, (void *) &msg, sizeof(msg.mtext),IPC_NOWAIT) == -1) {//注意数据长度
perror("msgsnd error");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("sent: %s\n", msg.mtext);
}
static void get_msg(int qid, int msgtype)
{
struct msgbuf msg;
if (msgrcv(qid, (void *) &msg, sizeof(msg.mtext), msgtype,//注意这个长度，类型要和发送保持一致
MSG_NOERROR | IPC_NOWAIT) == -1) {
if (errno != ENOMSG) {
perror("msgrcv");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("No message available for msgrcv()\n");
} else
printf("message received: %s\n", msg.mtext);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int qid, opt;
int mode = 0; /* 1 = send, 2 = receive */
int msgtype = 1;
int msgkey = 1234;
while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "srt:k:")) != -1) {
switch (opt) {
case 's':
mode = 1;
break;
case 'r':
mode = 2;
break;
case 't':
msgtype = atoi(optarg);
if (msgtype <= 0)
usage(argv[0], "-t option must be greater than 0\n");
break;
case 'k':
msgkey = atoi(optarg);
break;
default:
usage(argv[0], "Unrecognized option\n");
}
}
if (mode == 0)
usage(argv[0], "must use either -s or -r option\n");
qid = msgget(msgkey, IPC_CREAT | 0666);//创建并取得句柄，不同进程中使用的话，msgkey（值如1122唯一）要一致，才能通信
if (qid == -1) {
perror("msgget");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (mode == 2)
get_msg(qid, msgtype);
else
send_msg(qid, msgtype);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
man msgsnd 手册介绍
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
int msgsnd(int msqid, const void *msgp, size_t msgsz, int msgflg);
ssize_t msgrcv(int msqid, void *msgp, size_t msgsz, long msgtyp,
int msgflg);
DESCRIPTION
The msgsnd() and msgrcv() system calls are used, respectively, to send messages to, and
receive messages from, a System V message queue. The calling process must have write per‐
mission on the message queue in order to send a message, and read permission to receive a
message.
The msgp argument is a pointer to a caller-defined structure of the following general form:
struct msgbuf {
long mtype; /* message type, must be > 0 */
char mtext[1]; /* message data */
};
The mtext field is an array (or other structure) whose size is specified by msgsz, a nonneg‐
ative integer value. Messages of zero length (i.e., no mtext field) are permitted. The
mtype field must have a strictly positive integer value. This value can be used by the
receiving process for message selection (see the description of msgrcv() below).
msgsnd()
The msgsnd() system call appends a copy of the message pointed to by msgp to the message
queue whose identifier is specified by msqid.
If sufficient space is available in the queue, msgsnd() succeeds immediately. The queue
capacity is governed by the msg_qbytes field in the associated data structure for the mes‐
sage queue. During queue creation this field is initialized to MSGMNB bytes, but this limit
can be modified using msgctl(2). A message queue is considered to be full if either of the
following conditions is true:
* Adding a new message to the queue would cause the total number of bytes in the queue to
exceed the queue's maximum size (the msg_qbytes field).
* Adding another message to the queue would cause the total number of messages in the queue
to exceed the queue's maximum size (the msg_qbytes field). This check is necessary to
prevent an unlimited number of zero-length messages being placed on the queue. Although
such messages contain no data, they nevertheless consume (locked) kernel memory.
If insufficient space is available in the queue, then the default behavior of msgsnd() is to
block until space becomes available. If IPC_NOWAIT is specified in msgflg, then the call
instead fails with the error EAGAIN.
A blocked msgsnd() call may also fail if:
* the queue is removed, in which case the system call fails with errno set to EIDRM; or
* a signal is caught, in which case the system call fails with errno set to EINTR;see sig‐
nal(7). (msgsnd() is never automatically restarted after being interrupted by a signal
handler, regardless of the setting of the SA_RESTART flag when establishing a signal han‐
dler.)
Upon successful completion the message queue data structure is updated as follows:
msg_lspid is set to the process ID of the calling process.
msg_qnum is incremented by 1.
msg_stime is set to the current time.
msgrcv()
The msgrcv() system call removes a message from the queue specified by msqid and places it
in the buffer pointed to by msgp.
The argument msgsz specifies the maximum size in bytes for the member mtext of the structure
pointed to by the msgp argument. If the message text has length greater than msgsz, then
the behavior depends on whether MSG_NOERROR is specified in msgflg. If MSG_NOERROR is spec‐
ified, then the message text will be truncated (and the truncated part will be lost); if
MSG_NOERROR is not specified, then the message isn't removed from the queue and the system
call fails returning -1 with errno set to E2BIG.
Unless MSG_COPY is specified in msgflg (see below), the msgtyp argument specifies the type
of message requested, as follows:
* If msgtyp is 0, then the first message in the queue is read.
* If msgtyp is greater than 0, then the first message in the queue of type msgtyp is read,
unless MSG_EXCEPT was specified in msgflg, in which case the first message in the queue of
type not equal to msgtyp will be read.
* If msgtyp is less than 0, then the first message in the queue with the lowest type less
than or equal to the absolute value of msgtyp will be read.
The msgflg argument is a bit mask constructed by ORing together zero or more of the follow‐
ing flags:
IPC_NOWAIT
Return immediately if no message of the requested type is in the queue. The system
call fails with errno set to ENOMSG.
MSG_COPY (since Linux 3.8)
Nondestructively fetch a copy of the message at the ordinal position in the queue
specified by msgtyp (messages are considered to be numbered starting at 0).
This flag must be specified in conjunction with IPC_NOWAIT, with the result that, if
there is no message available at the given position, the call fails immediately with
the error ENOMSG. Because they alter the meaning of msgtyp in orthogonal ways,
MSG_COPY and MSG_EXCEPT may not both be specified in msgflg.
The MSG_COPY flag was added for the implementation of the kernel checkpoint-restore
facility and is available only if the kernel was built with the CONFIG_CHECK‐
POINT_RESTORE option.
MSG_EXCEPT
Used with msgtyp greater than 0 to read the first message in the queue with message
type that differs from msgtyp.
MSG_NOERROR
To truncate the message text if longer than msgsz bytes.
If no message of the requested type is available and IPC_NOWAIT isn't specified in msgflg,
the calling process is blocked until one of the following conditions occurs:
* A message of the desired type is placed in the queue.
* The message queue is removed from the system. In this case, the system call fails with
errno set to EIDRM.
* The calling process catches a signal. In this case, the system call fails with errno set
to EINTR. (msgrcv() is never automatically restarted after being interrupted by a signal
handler, regardless of the setting of the SA_RESTART flag when establishing a signal han‐
dler.)
Upon successful completion the message queue data structure is updated as follows:
msg_lrpid is set to the process ID of the calling process.
msg_qnum is decremented by 1.
msg_rtime is set to the current time.
RETURN VALUE
On failure both functions return -1 with errno indicating the error, otherwise msgsnd()
returns 0 and msgrcv() returns the number of bytes actually copied into the mtext array.
ERRORS
When msgsnd() fails, errno will be set to one among the following values:
EACCES The calling process does not have write permission on the message queue, and does not
have the CAP_IPC_OWNER capability.
EAGAIN The message can't be sent due to the msg_qbytes limit for the queue and IPC_NOWAIT
was specified in msgflg.
EFAULT The address pointed to by msgp isn't accessible.
EIDRM The message queue was removed.
EINTR Sleeping on a full message queue condition, the process caught a signal.
EINVAL Invalid msqid value, or nonpositive mtype value, or invalid msgsz value (less than 0
or greater than the system value MSGMAX).
ENOMEM The system does not have enough memory to make a copy of the message pointed to by
msgp.
When msgrcv() fails, errno will be set to one among the following values:
E2BIG The message text length is greater than msgsz and MSG_NOERROR isn't specified in
msgflg.
EACCES The calling process does not have read permission on the message queue, and does not
have the CAP_IPC_OWNER capability.
EFAULT The address pointed to by msgp isn't accessible.
EIDRM While the process was sleeping to receive a message, the message queue was removed.
EINTR While the process was sleeping to receive a message, the process caught a signal; see
signal(7).
EINVAL msgqid was invalid, or msgsz was less than 0.
EINVAL (since Linux 3.14)
msgflg specified MSG_COPY, but not IPC_NOWAIT.
EINVAL (since Linux 3.14)
msgflg specified both MSG_COPY and MSG_EXCEPT.
ENOMSG IPC_NOWAIT was specified in msgflg and no message of the requested type existed on
the message queue.
ENOMSG IPC_NOWAIT and MSG_COPY were specified in msgflg and the queue contains less than
msgtyp messages.
ENOSYS (since Linux 3.8)
MSG_COPY was specified in msgflg, and this kernel was configured without CON‐
FIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE.
ENOSYS (since Linux 3.8)
MSG_COPY was specified in msgflg, and this kernel was configured without CON‐
FIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE.
扫一扫
2338
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
