C++ 课本习题（程序设计题）

是乐乐啊呀

已于 2022-11-03 15:31:17 修改

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分类专栏： C++ 文章标签： c++

于 2022-10-22 09:44:08 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39251267/article/details/127163444

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第一章 C++语言简介
1.编写一个程序，将从键盘输入n个字符串保存在数组A中。在输入字符串之前，先输入n个值。要求，数组A动态申请空间，程序结束释放。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int n;
    int l = 0;
    char * A;
    cout << "输入n的值：";
    cin >> n;
    A = new char[n];
    cout << "输入" << n << "个字符串：";
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cin >> A[i];
    }
    cout << "输出字符串:";
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << A[i];
    }
    delete[]A;
    return 0;
}

2.题目1的基础上，输出n个字符串中最长和最短的串，计算n个串的平均长度并输出结果。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


int main()
{
    int n;
    int l = 0;
    string* A; 
    cout << "输入n的值：";
    cin >> n;
    A = new string[n]; 
    cout << "输入" << n << "个字符串：\n"; 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cin >> A[i];
        l += A[i].size();
    }
    // 取最大值
    int heightest = A[0].size();
    string hstr;
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
        if (heightest < A[i].size()) {
            heightest = A[i].size();
            hstr = A[i];
        }
    } 
    // 取最小值
    int lowest = A[n - 1].size();
    string lstr;
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
        if (lowest > A[i].size()) {
            lowest = A[i].size();
            lstr = A[i];
        }
    }

    cout << "\n";
    cout << "最长字符:" << hstr << "\t" << heightest << endl;
    cout << "最短字符:" << lstr << "\t" << lowest << endl;
    cout << "总长度:" << l << endl;
    cout << "平均长度:" << l / n << endl;
     
    delete[]A;
    return 0;
}

第二章

2.设计并实现二维坐标系下的点类Point，类的每个对象有横纵坐标。为类Point添加必要的计算函数，例如，计算给定点到(0,0)的距离，计算给定两点间的距离，判断给定的3个点是否可以构成一个三角形。

#include <iostream>;
#include <string>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
class Point {
public:
	Point();
	Point(double, double);
	void setPoint(double, double);
	double getDistance();
	double getDistance(Point);
	void printPoint();
private:
	double x, y;
};
Point::Point() {
	x = 0, y = 0;
}
Point::Point(double x0, double y0) {
	x = x0, y = y0;
}
void Point::setPoint(double x0, double y0) {
	x = y0, y = y0;
	return;
}
void Point::printPoint() {
	cout << "(" << x << "," << y << ")" << endl;
	return;

}
double Point::getDistance() {
	return sqrt(x * x + y * y);
}
double Point::getDistance(Point p) {
	return sqrt(pow(abs(x - p.x), 2) + pow(abs(y - p.y), 2));
}

bool isTriangle(double a, double b, double c) {
	//三角形的组成条件为： 任意一边小于其他两边之和
	if ((a < b + c) && (b < a + c) && (c < a + b)) {
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
int main()
{
	Point p(0, 0), p1(1, 2), p2(3, 4), p3(4, 6);
	cout << "有4个点:\n";
	cout << "p:";
	p.printPoint();
	cout << "p1:";
	p1.printPoint();
	cout << "p2:";
	p2.printPoint();
	cout << "p3:";
	p3.printPoint();

	// 给定点到原点的距离
	cout << "\n";
	double d1 = p1.getDistance();
	double d2 = p2.getDistance();
	double d3 = p3.getDistance();
	cout << "点p1到原点p的距离:" << d1 << endl;
	cout << "点p2到原点p的距离:" << d2 << endl;
	cout << "点p3到原点p的距离:" << d3 << endl;

	// 给定两点间的距离
	cout << "\n";
	double a = p1.getDistance(p2);
	double b = p1.getDistance(p3);
	double c = p2.getDistance(p3);
	cout << "点p1到p2的距离:" << a << endl;
	cout << "点p1到p3的距离:" << b << endl;
	cout << "点p2到p3的距离:" << c << endl;

	// 判断给定3个点能够构成三角形
	cout << "\n";
	bool it = isTriangle(a, b, c);
	if (it) {
		cout << "点p1,p2,p3可以构成三角形";
	}
	else {
		cout << "点p1,p2,p3不可以构成三角形";
	}

	cout << "\n";
	return 0;
}

3.设计并实现一个直线类，定义计算函数，求直线的斜率，判别给定点是否在线上，计算给定点到直线的距离

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Line
{

	
public:
	double x1, y1;
	double x2, y2;
	double k, b;
	Line();
	Line(double m_x1, double m_y1, double m_x2, double m_y2) :x1(m_x1), y1(m_y1), x2(m_x2), y2(m_y2) {}
	~Line() {};
	void equation();   //方程
	void point();    //交点
	void slope();   //斜率
	bool LPoint(  double, double);// 点是否在直线上
	double distance( double, double); // 点到直线的距离
};
Line::Line()
{
	x1 = 0, y1 = 0;
	x2 = 0, y2 = 0;
	k = 0, b = 0;
}
 
void Line::equation()
{
	if (x2 == x1)
		cout << "该直线方程是：x=" << x1 << endl;
	else
	{

		b = y1 - x1 * k;      //直线方程与y轴的交点
		cout << "该直线方程是：y=" << k << "x+" << b << endl;
	}
}
 
 

void Line::point()
{
	if (x2 == x1)
		cout << "该直线方程只与x轴有的交点：(" << x1 << ",0)" << endl;
	else if (y1 == y2)
		cout << "该直线方程只与y轴有的交点：(0," << b << ")" << endl;
	else
	{
		cout << "该直线方程与x轴的交点：(" << (-b / k) << ",0)" << endl;
		cout << "该直线方程与y轴的交点：(0," << b << ")" << endl;
	}
}
void Line::slope()
{
	if (x2 == x1)
		cout << "该直线的斜率是无穷大" << endl;
	else
	{
		k = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1);          //求斜率
		cout << "该直线的斜率是：" << k << endl;
	}
}


bool Line::LPoint(double x, double y) {
 
	if (y == k * x + b) {
		return 1;
	}
	else {
		return 0;
	}
	
}

double Line::distance( double x,double y) {
	return abs(x - y + b) / sqrt(pow(k, 2) + 1); 

}
void main()
{
	double x1, x2, y1, y2;
	cout << "请输入任意两个坐标：";
	cin >> x1 >> y1 >> x2 >> y2;
	if (x1 == y1 == x2 == y2)
	{
		cout << "请重新输入任意两个坐标：";
		cin >> x1 >> y1 >> x2 >> y2;
	}
	Line a(x1, y1, x2, y2);
	
	a.slope();      //输出直线斜率
	a.equation();   //输出直线方程
	a.point();      //输出直线与x、y轴的交点
	 
	cout << "\n";
	cout << "输入点:";
	cin>> x1 >> y1;
	bool lp = a.LPoint(x1,y1);
	if (lp) {
		cout << "在直线上"<<endl;
	} else {
		cout << "不在直线上" << endl;
	}
	double d = a.distance(x1, y1);
	cout << "到直线的距离为:"<<d << endl;
}

输出结果

请输入任意两个坐标：1 2 3 4
该直线的斜率是：1
该直线方程是：y=1x+1
该直线方程与x轴的交点：(-1,0)
该直线方程与y轴的交点：(0,1)

输入点:5 7
不在直线上
到直线的距离为:0.707107

4.定义圆柱体类Cylinder，有私有成员变量底圆半径r，高h，公有成员函数，底圆周长，底圆面积及圆柱体体积。输入半径和高，计算圆柱体的表面积和体积。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
 
class Cylinder
{
	double r;
	double h;
public:
	double pi = 3.14;
	double c; // 圆周长
	double s;// 低圆面积
	double v;// 圆柱体体积
	double sb;// 圆柱体表面积
	Cylinder(double r, double h) {
		this->r = r;
		this->h = h;
		c = C(r);
		s = S(r);
		v = V(s, h);
		sb = SB(s, c, h);
	}
	double C(double);
	double S(double);
	double V(double, double);
	double SB(double, double, double);
};

double Cylinder::C(double r) {
	return 2 * pi * r;
}
double Cylinder::S(double r) {
	return pi * r * r;
}
double Cylinder::V(double s, double h) {
	return s * h;
}
double Cylinder::SB(double s, double c, double h) {
	return 2 * s + c * h;
}
int main()
{
	double r, h;
	cout << "输入圆柱体的半径和高:";
	cin >> r >> h;
	Cylinder cl(r, h);
	cout << "周长:" << cl.c << endl;
	cout << "面积:" << cl.s << endl;
	cout << "体积:" << cl.v << endl;
	cout << "表面积:" << cl.sb << endl;

}

输出结果

输入圆柱体的半径和高:2 3
周长:12.56
面积:12.56
体积:37.68
表面积:62.8

第三章
1.为第二章设计的微微坐标系下的类Point添加必要的构造函数、复制构造函数和析构函数。要求能在主函数接收一下形势的对象声明：

Point p0;
Point p1(2, 3);
Point p2(p0);

2.习题1的基础上，为Point添加一个静态变量，统计创建的点的个数。

习题1,2解：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Point {
private:
	double x, y;
public:
	Point();
	Point(double, double);
	Point(Point&);
	void pt();
	void pcount();
	static int count;
};
int Point::count = 0;
Point::Point() {
	x = 0;
	y = 0;
	count++;
}
Point::Point(double x0, double y0) {
	x = x0;
	y = y0;
	count++;
}
Point::Point(Point& p) {
	x = p.x;
	y = p.y;
	count++;
}
void Point::pt() {
	cout << x << " " << y << endl;
}
void Point::pcount() {
	cout << "共创建了" << count << "个点" << endl;
}
int main() {
	Point p0;
	p0.pt();
	Point p1(2, 3);
	p1.pt();
	Point p2(p0);
	p2.pt();
	p2.pcount();
	return 0;
}

输出结果

0 0
2 3
0 0
共创建了3个点

3.模仿习题1的形式，为第二章习题中设计类Course，添加构造函数，复制构造函数，析构函数，静态变量，统计课程数。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Course {
public:
	char name;
	double score;
	int credit;
	char category;
	char major;
	Course();
	Course(Course &);
	~Course();
	static int count;
}; 
int Course::count = 0;
Course::Course() {
	count++;
}
Course::Course(Course & c) {
	count++;
}
Course::~Course() {
	
}
int main() {
	Course c0, c1;
	cout<<c1.count;
	return 0;
}

输出结果

4.重新设计第二章习题中的MyLine类，让其作为点类Point的封闭类。添加必要的构造函数、复制构造函数和析构函数。

#include <iostream>;
#include <string>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
class Point {
public:
	Point();
	Point(double, double);
	Point(Point&);
	~Point();
	void setPoint(double, double);
	void setpp(Point);
	double getPointX();
	double getPointY();
	void printPoint();
private:
	double x, y;
};
Point::Point() {
	x = 0, y = 0;
}
Point::Point(double x0, double y0) {
	x = x0, y = y0;
}
void Point::setPoint(double x0, double y0) {
	x = y0, y = y0;
	return;
}
void Point::setpp(Point p0) {
	x = p0.x, y = p0.y;
	return;
}
double Point::getPointX() {
	return x;
}
double Point::getPointY() {
	return y;
}

void Point::printPoint() {
	cout << "(" << x << "," << y << ")" << endl;
	return;

}
Point::Point(Point& p) {
	x = p.getPointX();
	y = p.getPointY();
}
Point::~Point() {
}



class Line
{
	Point p;
public:
	double x1, y1;
	double x2, y2;
	double k, b;

	Line();
	//Line(double m_x1, double m_y1, double m_x2, double m_y2) :x1(m_x1), y1(m_y1), x2(m_x2), y2(m_y2) {}
	Line(Point,Point);
	~Line() {};
	double pt();
};
Line::Line()
{
	x1 = 0, y1 = 0;
	x2 = 0, y2 = 0;
	k = 0, b = 0;
}
Line::Line(Point p1,Point p2)
{
	x1 = p1.getPointX();
	y1 = p1.getPointY();
	x2 = p2.getPointX();
	y2 = p2.getPointY();
}

double Line::pt() {
	cout << "(" << x1 << "," << y1 << ")" << endl;
	cout << "(" << x2 << "," << y2 << ")" << endl;
	return 0;
}


int main()
{

	Point p1(1,2), p2(3,4);
	p1.printPoint();
	p2.printPoint();
	Line l(p1,p2);
	l.pt();
	return 0;
}

6.定义一个类，在其私有成员变量中保存从键盘输入的10个int类型值，然后按与输入的相反顺序输出它们

#include <iostream>; 
using namespace std;
class T {
	int A[10];
public:
	void setA(const int *a) {
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			A[i] = a[i];
		}
		return;
	}
	void printA() {
		for (int z = 9; z >= 0; z--) {
			cout << A[z] << " ";
		}
	}
};

int main()
{
	T t;
	int m[10];
	
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
		cin >> m[i];
	}
	t.setA(m);
	t.printA();
	return 0;
}

第四章
1.重载乘法运算符。设a+bi和c+di是任意两个复数，它们的积（a+bi)*(c+di)=(ac-bd)+(bc+ad)i.
2.重载流插入和流提取运算符.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex 
{ 
private: 
	int real, imag; 
public: 
	Complex(int r = 0, int i = 0)  {
		real = r; imag = i;
	} 
	friend ostream& operator << (ostream& out, const Complex& c); 
	friend istream& operator >> (istream& in, Complex& c); 
	friend Complex operator * (const Complex &c1, const Complex& c2);
}; 

ostream& operator << (ostream& out, const Complex& c) { 
	out << c.real << "+" << c.imag << "i" << endl; 
	return out; 
} 

istream& operator >> (istream& in, Complex& c) 
{ 
	cout << "Enter Real Part: "; 
	in >> c.real; 
	cout << "Enter Imagenory Part: "; 
	in >> c.imag; 
	return in; 
} 

Complex operator * (const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2){
	return Complex((c1.real * c2.real - c1.imag*c2.imag),(c1.imag*c2.real + c1.real*c2.imag));
}

int main() 
{
	// 1.重载乘法运算符
	Complex c1(1, 2), c2(3, 4), res;
	res = c1 * c2;
	cout << res<<endl;

	// 2.重载流插入和流提取运算符
	Complex c;
	cin >> c;
	cout << "The complex object is: ";
	cout << c<<endl;
	 
	return 0; 
}

集合Set，重载运算符+（表示集合的并), -(表示集合的差), *(表示集合的交),<(表示集合的真子集),==(判断两个集合是否相等),!=(判断两个集合是否不相等).

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Set
{
public:
	Set(int* p, int n);
	Set();
	friend Set operator+(Set& s, Set& t);
	friend Set operator-(Set& s, Set& t);
	friend Set operator*(Set& s, Set& t);
	friend bool operator<(Set& s, Set& t);
	friend bool operator==(Set& s, Set& t);
	friend bool operator!=(Set& s, Set& t);
	void display();
private:
	int a[20], num;
};

Set::Set(int* p, int n)
{
	int i;
	num = n;
	for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
	{
		a[i] = p[i];
	}
}

Set::Set()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
	{
		a[i] = '\0';
	}
}

void Set::display()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
	{
		if (a[i] != '\0')
			cout << a[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;
}

Set operator+(Set& s, Set& t)
{
	Set g;
	int i, j, k = s.num + t.num;
	g.num = k;
	for (i = 0; i < s.num; i++)
	{
		g.a[i] = s.a[i];
	}
	for (i = 0; i < t.num; i++)
	{
		g.a[s.num + i] = t.a[i];
	}
	for (i = 0; i < k; i++)
		for (j = 0; j < k; j++)
		{
			if (i != j)
				if (g.a[i] == g.a[j])
				{
					for (int q = j; q < k; q++)
					{
						g.a[q] = g.a[q + 1];
					}
				}
		}
	cout << "并运算：" << endl;
	return g;
}

Set operator-(Set& s, Set& t)
{
	Set g;
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < s.num; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < t.num; j++)
		{
			if (s.a[i] == t.a[j])
				break;
			if (j == t.num - 1)
				g.a[i] = s.a[i];
			g.num = i;
		}
	}
	g.num++;
	cout << "差运算：" << endl;
	return g;
}


Set operator*(Set& s, Set& t)
{
	Set g;
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < s.num; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < t.num; j++)
		{
			if (s.a[i] == t.a[j])
			{
				g.a[i] = s.a[i];
				g.num = i;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	g.num++;
	cout << "交运算：" << endl;
	return g;
}



bool operator==(Set& x1, Set& x2) {
	Set g;
	int i, j;
	for (int i = 0; i < x1.num; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < x2.num; j++) {
			if (x1.a[i] == x2.a[i]) {
				break;
			}
			if (j == x2.num - 1) {
				return 0;
			}
		}
	}
	return 1;
}

bool operator!=(Set& x1, Set& x2) {
	Set g;
	int i, j;
	for (int i = 0; i < x1.num; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < x2.num; j++) {
			if (x1.a[i] == x2.a[i]) {
				break;
			}
			if (j == x2.num - 1) {
				return 1;
			}
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

bool operator<(Set& x1, Set& x2) {
	Set g;
	int i, j;
	if (x1.num >= x2.num) {
		return 0;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < x1.num; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < x2.num; j++) {
			if (x1.a[i] == x2.a[i]) {
				break;
			}
			if (j == x2.num - 1) { 
				return 0;
			}
		}
	}
	cout << 123;
	return 1;
}

int main()
{
	int a[5] = { 1,2,3,4,5 }, b[5] = { 1,3,6,7,8 };
	int x1[2] = { 1,2 }, x2[5] = { 1,2,3};
	bool bl;
	Set c(a, 5);
	Set d(b, 5);
	Set e(x1, 2);
	Set f(x2, 3);
	Set g;

	g = c + d;
	g.display();

	g = c - d;
	g.display();

	g = c * d;
	g.display();

	bl = c == d;
	cout << "是否相等:";
	if (bl) {
		cout << "是" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "否" << endl;
	}

	bl = c != d;
	cout << "是否不相等:";
	if (bl) {
		cout << "是" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "否" << endl;
	}

	bl = e < f;
	cout << "是否真子集:";
	if (bl) {
		cout << "是" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "否" << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

第五章
3.设计一个几何图形类，派生类有三角形，正方形，圆形等，定义必要的成员变量，添加构造函数，析构函数和成员函数。成员函数包括计算图形的周长，面积，显示图形信息等。


#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

class Shape {
	double C;
	double S;
public:
	Shape() { }
	Shape(double  c, double s) {
		C = c;
		S = s;
	}
	double getC() {
		return C;
	}
	double getS() {
		return S;
	}
	void Print() {
		cout << "周长:" << C << "\t面积" << S << endl;
	}
	~Shape() { }
};
class Triangle :public Shape {
	double a, b, c;
	double C, S, p;
public:
	Triangle() {  }
	Triangle(double a0, double b0, double c0) :a(a0), b(b0), c(c0) {
		setCS();
	}
	void setCS() {
		C = a + b + c;
		p = C / 2;
		S = sqrt(p * (p - a) * (p - b) * (p - c));
		Shape(C, S);
		return;
	}
	double getC() {
		return C;
	}
	double getS() {
		return S;
	}
	void Print() {
		cout << "周长:" << C << "\t面积:" << S << endl;
	}
	~Triangle() {
	}
};

class Square :public Shape {
	double x;
	double C, S;
public:
	Square() {  }
	Square(double x0) :x(x0) {
		setCS();
	}
	void setCS() {
		C = 4 * x;
		S = x * x;
		Shape(C, S);
		return;
	}
	double getC() {
		return C;
	}
	double getS() {
		return S;
	}
	void Print() {
		cout << "周长:" << C << "\t面积:" << S << endl;
	}
	~Square() {
	}
};


class Circle :public Shape {
	double PI = 3.14, R;
	double C, S;
public:
	Circle() {  }
	Circle(double r) :R(r) {
		setCS();
	}
	void setCS() {
		C = 2 * PI * R;
		S = PI * R * R;
		Shape(C, S);
		return;
	}
	double getC() {
		return C;
	}
	double getS() {
		return S;
	}
	void Print() {
		cout << "周长:" << C << "\t面积:" << S << endl;
	}
	~Circle() {
	}
};


int main()
{
	Shape s;

	double a, b, c;
	cout << "输入三角形3边长:";
	cin >> a >> b >> c;
	Triangle tr(a, b, c);
	tr.Print();

	double x;
	cout << "输入正方角形的边长:";
	cin >> x;
	Square sq(x);
	sq.Print();

	double r;
	cout << "输入圆形的半径:";
	cin >> r;
	Circle ci(r);
	ci.Print();
	return 0;
}

第六章

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

class Shape {
	double C;
	double S;
public:
	Shape() { }
	Shape(double  c, double s) {
		C = c;
		S = s;
	}
	double getC() {
		return C;
	}
	double getS() {
		return S;
	}
	virtual void Print() {
		cout << "shape 周长:" << C << "\t面积" << S << endl;
	}
	~Shape() { }
};
class Triangle :public Shape {
	double a, b, c;
	double C, S, p;
public:
	Triangle() {  }
	Triangle(double a0, double b0, double c0) :a(a0), b(b0), c(c0) {
		setCS();
	}
	void setCS() {
		C = a + b + c;
		p = C / 2;
		S = sqrt(p * (p - a) * (p - b) * (p - c));
		Shape(C, S);
		return;
	} 
	void Print() {
		cout << "Triangle 周长:" << C << "\t面积:" << S << endl;
	}
	~Triangle() {
	}
};

class Square :public Shape {
	double x;
	double C, S;
public:
	Square() {  }
	Square(double x0) :x(x0) {
		setCS();
	}
	void setCS() {
		C = 4 * x;
		S = x * x;
		Shape(C, S);
		return;
	} 
	void Print() {
		cout << "Square 周长:" << C << "\t面积:" << S << endl;
	}
	~Square() {
	}
};


class Circle :public Shape {
	double PI = 3.14, R;
	double C, S;
public:
	Circle() {  }
	Circle(double r) :R(r) {
		setCS();
	}
	void setCS() {
		C = 2 * PI * R;
		S = PI * R * R;
		Shape(C, S);
		return;
	} 
	void Print() {
		cout << "Circle 周长:" << C << "\t面积:" << S << endl;
		
	}
	~Circle() {
	}
};


int main()
{
	Shape *s;

	double a, b, c;
	cout << "输入三角形3边长:";
	cin >> a >> b >> c;
	Triangle tr(a, b, c);
	s = &tr;
	s->Print();
	//tr.Print();
	cout << "\n";

	double x;
	cout << "输入正方角形的边长:";
	cin >> x;
	Square sq(x);
	//sq.Print();
	s = &sq;
	s->Print();
	cout << "\n";

	double r;
	cout << "输入圆形的半径:";
	cin >> r;
	Circle ci(r);
	//ci.Print();
	s = &ci;
	s->Print();
	return 0;
}

输出结果

输入三角形3边长:4 5 6
Triangle 周长:15        面积:9.92157

输入正方角形的边长:7
Square 周长:28  面积:49

输入圆形的半径:8
Circle 周长:50.24       面积:200.96

第七章

1.利用流格式控制符,从键盘输入成绩和姓名，然后进行输出，要求名字左对齐，分数右对齐.

#include <iostream> 
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	float score;
	char name[10];
	cin >> score >> name;
	cout << setiosflags(ios::right) << score << " " << setiosflags(ios::left | ios::adjustfield) << name << endl;
	return 0;
}

2.读取一行文字，将此行文字颠倒顺序输出.

#include <iostream> 
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;

int main() { 
	char ch[20];
	cin.getline(ch,20);
	for (int i = strlen(ch)-1; i >= 0; i--) {
		cout << ch[i];
	}
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream> 
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	double x[10];
	int i = 0;
	char ch;
	cout << "输入实数:\n";
	while (cin >> x[i]) {
		if (i >= 10) {
			break;
		}
		i++;
	}

	cout << "\n";
	cout << "输出:\n";
	for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
		cout << x[j] << endl;
		cout << setiosflags(ios::fixed) << setprecision(5) << x[j] << endl;
		cout << resetiosflags(ios::fixed) << setiosflags(ios::scientific) << x[j] << endl;
		cout << setprecision(7) << x[j] << endl; 
		cout << resetiosflags(ios::scientific);
		cout << "\n";
	}


	return 0;
}

输出结果

输入实数:
1.234 3.456 47.89999
^Z

输出:
1.234
1.23400
1.23400e+00
1.2340000e+00

3.456
3.45600
3.45600e+00
3.4560000e+00

47.89999
47.89999
4.79000e+01
4.7899990e+01

4.输入若干个整数，分别以16进制，8进制输出，然后以10个字符宽度输出，宽度不足左边补0.

#include <iostream> 
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	int x[5] = { 0 };
	int i = 0;

	cout << "输入整数:\n";
	while (cin >> x[i]) {

		cout << setbase(16) << x[i] << endl;
		cout << setbase(8) << x[i] << endl;
		cout << setw(10) << right << setfill('0') << x[i] << endl;
		cout << "\n";
		i++;
		if (i >= sizeof(x) / sizeof(int)) {
			break;
		}

	}

	return 0;
}

设置标准输入重定向，文件data.txt中每一行保存一个整数，求全部整数的个数和平均值.

#include <iostream> 
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	int x, count = 0;
	double sum = 0;
	FILE* stream1;
	freopen_s(&stream1, "data.txt", "r", stdin);
	while (cin >> x) {
		sum += x;
		count++;
	}

	cout << "个数：" << count << ",平均数：" <<  sum / count << endl;
	return 0;
}

文件data.txt

输出结果

个数：10,平均数：5.5

6.将美国格式的日期 May 28 2019 转换为国际格式的日期 28 May 2019.

#include <iostream> 
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	string str[3];
	char ch;
	int i = 0;
	while ((ch = cin.peek()) != EOF) {
		cin >> str[i];
		i++;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(str) / sizeof(string); i++) {
		if (i == 0) {
			cout << str[1]<<" ";
		}
		else if (i == 1) {
			cout << str[0] << " ";
		}
		else {
			cout << str[i] << " ";
		}

	} 

	return 0;
}

输出结果

May 28 2019
^Z
28 May 2019

第八章
1.输入三角形的3边，判断是否合理，不合理给出提示，合理计算面积并将结果存入文件.

#include <iostream> 
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;

bool isTriangle(double a, double b, double c) {
	if (a < b + c && b < a + c && c < a + b) {
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
double area(double a, double b, double c) {
	double p = (a + b + c)/2;
	return sqrt(p * (p - a) * (p - b) * (p - c));
}
int main() {
	double a, b, c;
	cout << "请输入三角形的三条边:";
	cin >> a >> b >> c;
	bool bo = isTriangle(a, b, c);
	if (!bo) {
		cout << "输入的三条边不能构成三角形,请重新输入";
		return 0;
	}
	double ar = area(a, b, c);
	cout << "面积为:" << ar << endl;
	ofstream f1("triangle.txt", ios::out);
	f1 << ar;
	f1.close();
	return 0;
}

输出结果

请输入三角形的三条边:3 4 5
面积为:6

2.设计程序，打开一个指定文本文件，在每行前面加上行号后输出到另一个文本文件中.

#include <iostream> 
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	char ch, filename[20];
	int count = 0;
	bool newline = true;
	cout << "请输入文件名：";
	cin >> filename;
	ifstream f1(filename, ios::in);
	if (!f1) {
		cout << "打开文件失败" << endl;
		return 0;
	}
	ofstream f2("score2.txt", ios::out);
	if (!f2) {
		cout << "打开文件失败" << endl;
		return 0;
	}

	while ((ch = f1.get()) != EOF) { 
		if (newline) {
			f2 << ++count << "：";
			newline = false;
		}
		if (ch == '\n') { 
			newline = true;
		}
		f2 << ch;
	}
	f1.close();
	f2.close();
	return 0;
}

3.读入一个源程序文件，删除全部注释内容，即以“//”开始到行末尾的文本，以及“/*...*/”包括的文字，产生新的源程序文件.

#include <iostream> 
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	fstream  f1("zs.txt", ios::in);
	fstream  f2("zs2.txt", ios::out);
	if (!f1 || !f2) {
		cout << "打开文件失败";
		return 0;
	}

	const int size = 250;
	char temp[size];
	bool meetFlag = false;

	// 循环每行250个字符，存到temp里去
	while (f1.getline(temp, size)) {
		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

			// 删除//后面的文本
			if (temp[i] == '/' && temp[i + 1] == '/') {
				temp[i] = 0;// 此0为ascii值，后面也是
			}
			
			// 删除/**/的文本，以下判断顺序不能变
			// 删除包括*/之前的文本
			if (meetFlag && temp[i] == '*' && temp[i + 1] == '/')
			{
				meetFlag = !meetFlag;
				int j, k;
				for (j = i + 2, k = 0; j < size; j++)
				{
					if (temp[j] == '\0')  break; // 最后一个文本的后一个字符为\0
					temp[k++] = temp[j];// 将本行*/后面的文本从首位开始往前移
				}
				temp[k] = 0; // 最后一个文本后面赋为0
			}

			// 删除/*和*/之间的文本
			if (meetFlag) {
				temp[i] = 0;
			}

			// 删除包括/*之后的文本
			if (!meetFlag && temp[i] == '/' && temp[i + 1] == '*') {
				temp[i] = 0;
				meetFlag = !meetFlag;
			}


		}

		f2 << temp << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

4.设有两个按升序排列的文本文件 data1.txt 和 data2.txt，包含若干个整数，要求两个文件合并成一个按升序排列的新文件 data.txt，且包含两个文件的全部数据.

#include <iostream> 
#include<fstream>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;

int compare(const void* e1, const void* e2) {
	int* pa = (int*)e1;
	int* pb = (int*)e2;
	return (*pa) - (*pb);
}
int main() {
	ifstream  f1("data1.txt", ios::in);
	ifstream  f2("data2.txt", ios::in);
	ofstream  f3("data3.txt", ios::out);
	if (!f1 || !f2 || !f3) {
		cout << "打开文件失败";
		return 0;
	}
	int n = 0;
	int temp[50];

	while (f1 >> temp[n]) {
		n++;
	}
	while (f2 >> temp[n]) {
		n++;
	}
	qsort(temp, n, sizeof(int), compare);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		f3 << temp[i] << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

5.文本文件data.txt 包含若干整数，每个整数之间用空格分隔，要求将奇数保存在 file1.txt 中，偶数保存在 file2.txt 中.

#include <iostream> 
#include<fstream>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;

int compare(const void* e1, const void* e2) {
	int* pa = (int*)e1;
	int* pb = (int*)e2;
	return (*pa) - (*pb);
}
int main() {
	ifstream  fd("data.txt", ios::in);
	ofstream  f1("file1.txt", ios::out | ios::binary);
	ofstream  f2("file2.txt", ios::out | ios::binary);
	if (!f1 || !f2 || !fd) {
		cout << "打开文件失败";
		return 0;
	}
	int n;
	while (fd >> n) {
		if (n % 2 == 0) {
			f2 << n << " ";
		}
		else {
			f1 << n << " ";
		}

	}

	return 0;
}

第九章
1.编写一个模板函数，返回两个数中的最大值。使用整形，浮点型，字符型测试模板

#include <iostream>; 
#include <string>; 
using namespace std;

template <typename T>
T Max(T x, T y) {
	return x > y ? x : y;
}

int main()
{
	int x = 1, y = 2;
	float f1 = 4.1, f2 = 3.2;
	char c1 = 'e', c2 = 'd';
	cout << Max(x, y)<<endl;
	cout << Max(f1, f2) << endl;
	cout << Max(c1, c2) << endl;
}

输出结果

2
4.1
e

2.编写函数模板，实现n个数据由小到大排序。使用整形，浮点型，字符型测试模板

#include <iostream>; 
#include <string>; 
using namespace std;

template<typename T>
int Cmp( T  l, T r) {
	if (l < r) {
		return -1;
	}
	else if (l > r) {
		return 1;
	}
	else {
		return 0;
	}
}

template <typename T>
void Swap(T& x, T& y) {
	T temp = x;
	x = y;
	y = temp;
}

template <typename T>
T pr(T arr) {
	int j;
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		j = i;
		while (j > 0 && Cmp<int>(arr[j - 1], arr[j]) > 0) {
			swap(arr[j], arr[j - 1]);
			j--;
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
		cout << arr[i]<< " ";
	cout << endl;
	return 0;
}

int main()
{
	int arr[5] = { 1, 3, 5, 4, 2 };
	float arr1[5] = { 1.1, 3.2, 5.3, 4.3, 2.5 };
	char arr2[5] = { 'a', 'c', 'b','e' , 'd'};
	pr(arr);
	pr(arr1);
	pr(arr2);
}

输出结果

1 2 3 4 5
1.1 2.5 3.2 4.3 5.3
a b c d e

3.编写函数模板，求array数组前size个元素之和。使用整形，浮点型，字符型测试模板

#include <iostream>; 
#include <string>; 
using namespace std;

template <typename T>
T iSum(T arr[], int count, int n) {
	T sum = 0;

	if (n <= 0) {
		return 0;
	}
	else if (n > count) {
		n = count;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		sum += arr[i];
	}

	return sum;
}

int main()
{
	int arr[5] = { 5, 2, 3, 4, 1 };
	float arr2[5] = { 5.1, 2.2, 3.4, 4.6, 1.7 };
	char arr3[5] = { '1', '2', '3', '4', '5' };
	cout << iSum(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 6) << endl;
	cout << iSum(arr2, sizeof(arr2) / sizeof(float), 2) << endl;
	//cout << iSum(arr3, sizeof(arr3) / sizeof(char), 5);

}

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C++ 课本习题（程序设计题）

第一章1.编写一个程序，将从键盘输入n个字符串保存在数组A中。在输入字符串之前，先输入n个值。要求，数组A动态申请空间，程序结束释放。输出结果2.题目1的基础上，输出n个字符串中最长和最短的，计算n个串的平均长度输出结果：第二章设计并实现二维坐标系下的点类Point，类的每个对象有横纵坐标。为类Point添加必要的计算函数，例如，计算给定点到(0,0)的距离，计算给定两点间的距离，判断给定的3个点是否可以构成一个三角形。3.设计并实现一个直线类，定义计算函数，求直线的斜率，判别给定点是
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