Java课程实践/飞机大战/策略模式实现射击弹道改变（个人学习记录留档）

策略模式

示例

飞机大战项目中UML类图

关键代码

具体策略

/**
 * 直射策略
 */
public class Collineation implements Strategy{

    @Override
    public List<AbstractBaseBullet> shoot(AbstractAircraft abstractAircraft) {
        List<AbstractBaseBullet> res = new LinkedList<>();
        int direction = abstractAircraft.getDirection();
        int power = abstractAircraft.getPower();
        int x = abstractAircraft.getLocationX();
        int y = abstractAircraft.getLocationY() + direction*2;
        int speedX = 0;
        int speedY = abstractAircraft.getSpeedY() + direction*5;
        AbstractBaseBullet baseBullet;
        if(abstractAircraft instanceof HeroAircraft) {
            res.add(new HeroBullet(x, y, speedX, speedY, power));
            return res;
        }
        res.add(new EnemyBullet( x , y, speedX, speedY, power));
        return res;
    }
}

/**
 * 散射策略
 */
public class Scattering implements Strategy{

    public List<AbstractBaseBullet> shoot(AbstractAircraft abstractAircraft) {
        List<AbstractBaseBullet> res = new LinkedList<>();
        int power = abstractAircraft.getPower();
        int direction = abstractAircraft.getDirection();
        int shootNum = abstractAircraft.getShootNum();
        int x = abstractAircraft.getLocationX();
        int y = abstractAircraft.getLocationY() + direction*2;
        int speedX = 0;
        int speedY = abstractAircraft.getSpeedY() + direction*5;
        AbstractBaseBullet baseBullet;
        if(abstractAircraft instanceof HeroAircraft) {
            for (int i = 0; i < shootNum; i++) {
                // 子弹发射位置相对飞机位置向前偏移
                // 多个子弹横向分散
                baseBullet = new HeroBullet(x + (i * 2 - shootNum + 1) * 10, y, speedX+(i * 2 * shootNum / (shootNum - 1) -shootNum) * 1, speedY, power);
                res.add(baseBullet);
            }
            return res;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < shootNum; i++) {
            // 子弹发射位置相对飞机位置向前偏移
            // 多个子弹横向分散
            baseBullet = new EnemyBullet(x + (i * 2 - shootNum + 1) * 10, y, speedX+(i * 2 * shootNum / (shootNum - 1) -shootNum) * 1, speedY, power);
            res.add(baseBullet);
        }
        return res;
    }
}

传参时为了代码简洁与维护，同时更符合开闭原则，选择将整个飞机对象作为形参。

Context(本例即AbstractAircraft)中使用策略

AbstractAircraft作为抽象父类定义shoot()抽象方法，由其一般子类具体实现：

public class HeroAircraft extends AbstractAircraft {

    protected Strategy shootMode;
    
   /**
     * 设置射击模式
     * @param strategy
     */
    public void setShootMode(Strategy strategy){
        this.shootMode = strategy;
    }

   /**
     * 实现射击
     * @param strategy
     */
    public List<AbstractBaseBullet> shoot() {
        return this.shootMode.shoot(this);
    }
    }
}

总结

本例中，AbstractAircraft、HeroAircraft等对象中的shoot()负责扣动扳机，具体子弹是如何射出去的由具体实例中的shootMode成员决定。