numpy：数组过滤 lambda & np.where & np.argwhere

lambda函数

匿名函数
python 使用 lambda 来创建匿名函数。

• lambda只是一个表达式，函数体比def简单很多。
• lambda的主体是一个表达式，而不是一个代码块。仅仅能在lambda表达式中封装有限的逻辑进去。
• lambda函数拥有自己的命名空间，且不能访问自有参数列表之外或全局命名空间里的参数。
• 虽然lambda函数看起来只能写一行，却不等同于C或C++的内联函数，后者的目的是调用小函数时不占用栈内存从而增加运行效率。

以下是示例代码：

x_min, x_max, y_min, y_max, z_min, z_max = list_roi_xyz
list_pc_values = points.tolist()
points_roi = np.array(list(filter(lambda point: \
    (point[0] > x_min) and (point[0] < x_max) and \
    (point[1] > y_min) and (point[1] < y_max) and \
    (point[2] > z_min) and (point[2] < z_max), list_pc_values)))

# list_xy_values = points_roi[:,:2].tolist()
# list_xy_values = list(map(lambda xy: [int((xy[0]-x_min)/x_grid), \
#                                      int((xy[1]-y_min)/y_grid)], list_xy_values))

numpy.where()

numpy.where()

• numpy.where() 函数返回输入数组中满足给定条件的元素的索引。

    where(condition, [x, y], /)

    Return elements chosen from `x` or `y` depending on `condition`.

    .. note::
        When only `condition` is provided, this function is a shorthand for
        ``np.asarray(condition).nonzero()``. Using `nonzero` directly should be
        preferred, as it behaves correctly for subclasses. The rest of this
        documentation covers only the case where all three arguments are
        provided.

    Parameters
    ----------
    condition : array_like, bool
        Where True, yield `x`, otherwise yield `y`.
    x, y : array_like
        Values from which to choose. `x`, `y` and `condition` need to be
        broadcastable to some shape.

    Returns
    -------
    out : ndarray
        An array with elements from `x` where `condition` is True, and elements
        from `y` elsewhere.

    See Also
    --------
    choose
    nonzero : The function that is called when x and y are omitted

    Notes
    -----
    If all the arrays are 1-D, `where` is equivalent to::

        [xv if c else yv
         for c, xv, yv in zip(condition, x, y)]

    Examples
    --------
    >>> a = np.arange(10)
    >>> a
    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
    >>> np.where(a < 5, a, 10*a)
    array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90])

    This can be used on multidimensional arrays too:

    >>> np.where([[True, False], [True, True]],
    ...          [[1, 2], [3, 4]],
    ...          [[9, 8], [7, 6]])
    array([[1, 8],
           [3, 4]])

    The shapes of x, y, and the condition are broadcast together:

    >>> x, y = np.ogrid[:3, :4]
    >>> np.where(x < y, x, 10 + y)  # both x and 10+y are broadcast
    array([[10,  0,  0,  0],
           [10, 11,  1,  1],
           [10, 11, 12,  2]])

    >>> a = np.array([[0, 1, 2],
    ...               [0, 2, 4],
    ...               [0, 3, 6]])
    >>> np.where(a < 4, a, -1)  # -1 is broadcast
    array([[ 0,  1,  2],
           [ 0,  2, -1],
           [ 0,  3, -1]])

实例

import numpy as np 
 
x = np.arange(9.).reshape(3,  3)  
print ('我们的数组是：')
print (x)
print ( '大于 3 的元素的索引：')
y = np.where(x >  3)  
print (y)
print ('使用这些索引来获取满足条件的元素：')
print (x[y])

输出结果为：

我们的数组是：
[[0. 1. 2.]
 [3. 4. 5.]
 [6. 7. 8.]]
大于 3 的元素的索引：
(array([1, 1, 2, 2, 2]), array([1, 2, 0, 1, 2]))
使用这些索引来获取满足条件的元素：
[4. 5. 6. 7. 8.]

idx = np.where((points[:, 0]>x_min) & (points[:, 0]<x_max) &
               (points[:, 1]>y_min) & (points[:, 1]<y_max) &
               (points[:, 2]>z_min) & (points[:, 2]<z_max))
points_roi = points[idx[0]]

numpy.argwhere(a)

 Find the indices of array elements that are non-zero, grouped by element.

    Parameters
    ----------
    a : array_like
        Input data.

    Returns
    -------
    index_array : (N, a.ndim) ndarray
        Indices of elements that are non-zero. Indices are grouped by element.
        This array will have shape ``(N, a.ndim)`` where ``N`` is the number of
        non-zero items.

    See Also
    --------
    where, nonzero

    Notes
    -----
    ``np.argwhere(a)`` is almost the same as ``np.transpose(np.nonzero(a))``,
    but produces a result of the correct shape for a 0D array.

    The output of ``argwhere`` is not suitable for indexing arrays.
    For this purpose use ``nonzero(a)`` instead.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> x = np.arange(6).reshape(2,3)
    >>> x
    array([[0, 1, 2],
           [3, 4, 5]])
    >>> np.argwhere(x>1)
    array([[0, 2],
           [1, 0],
           [1, 1],
           [1, 2]])

idx = np.argwhere((points[:, 0]>x_min) & (points[:, 0]<x_max) &
                  (points[:, 1]>y_min) & (points[:, 1]<y_max) &
                  (points[:, 2]>z_min) & (points[:, 2]<z_max))
points_roi = points[idx.flatten()]

for循环

points_roi = []
for p in range(points.shape[0]):
    if points[p,0]>x_min and points[p,0]<x_max and \
        points[p,1]>y_min and points[p,1]<y_max and \
        points[p,2]>z_min and points[p,2]<z_max:
        points_roi.append(points[p,:])
points_roi = np.array(points_roi)