【设计模式】之装饰模式

• UML

• 原型

	//给对象动态添加职责
    abstract class Component
    {
        public abstract void Operation();
    }

    class ConcreteComponent:Component
    {
        public override void Operation()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("具体对象的操作");
        }
    }

    //装饰抽象类
    abstract class Decorator:Component
    {
        protected Component component;

        public void SetComponent(Component component)
        {
            this.component = component;
        }

        public override void Operation()
        {
            if(component!=null)
            {
                component.Operation();
            }
        }
    }

	//装饰A
    class ConcreteDecoratorA:Decorator
    {
        private string addedState;

        public override void Operation()
        {
            base.Operation();
            //相当于对原Component进行了装饰
            addedState = "New State";
            Console.WriteLine("具体装饰对象A的操作");
        }
    }

	//装饰B
    class ConcreteDecoratorB:Decorator
    {
        public override void Operation()
        {
            base.Operation();
            AddedBehavior();
            Console.WriteLine("具体装饰对象B的操作");
        }
        private void AddedBehavior()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("B执行行为");
        }
    }

	//主函数
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ConcreteComponent c = new ConcreteComponent();
            ConcreteDecoratorA d1 = new ConcreteDecoratorA();
            ConcreteDecoratorB d2 = new ConcreteDecoratorB();

            d1.SetComponent(c);
            d2.SetComponent(d1);
            d2.Operation();
        }
    }

• 举例

	//要装饰的人
	class Person
    {
        private string name;

        public Person() { }
        public Person(string name)
        {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public virtual void Show()
        {
            Console.Write($" {name}");
        }
    }

	//服装抽象类
    class Finery:Person
    {
        protected Person component;

        public void Decorate(Person component)
        {
             this.component = component;
        }

        public override void Show()
        {
            if(component!=null)
            {
                component.Show();
            }
        }
    }

	//T恤
    class Tshirt:Finery
    {
        public override void Show()
        {
            Console.Write(" T恤");
            base.Show();
        }
    }

	//大垮裤
    class BigTrouser:Finery
    {
        public override void Show()
        {
            Console.Write("垮裤");
            base.Show();
        }
    }

	//主函数
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Person xc = new Person("小菜");
            Tshirt tshirt = new Tshirt();
            BigTrouser bigTrouser = new BigTrouser();

            tshirt.Decorate(xc);
            bigTrouser.Decorate(tshirt);
            bigTrouser.Show();
        }
    }

• 总结

1. 装饰模式是为已有功能动态地添加更多功能的一种方式，把每个要装饰的功能放在单独的类中，并让这个类包装它所要装饰的对象，当需要执行特殊行为时，就可以在运行时根据需要有选择地、按顺序的使用装饰功能包装对象。

（完）