游戏对象与图形基础-作业与练习
1、基本操作演练
-
下载天空和skybox， 构建自己的游戏场景
从Asset Store下载skybox然后导入
-
制作天空盒
- 在Assets中右击->Create->Material
- 将shader改为Skybox/6 sided并把对应的图片放进去
- 创建地图
-
在对象栏右击->3D Object->Terrain，新建一个地图对象
-
使用Terrain的各项工具绘制地图, 包括造山，造草，添加细节等等
-
先画地形
-
- 种草种树
(好丑) 镜头拉远会看不到草跟树
游戏对象使用总结：
- 目前学过的有基础掌握的对象主要有：
- Camera:
通过Camera来观察游戏世界，看到Camera里投影。 - Light:
光源，可以用来照明也可用于添加阴影等效果。 - Empty：
空对象多被用于当做载体，例如挂载游戏脚本、成为其他对象的父对象等。 - Cube、sphere、Capsule等3D Object：
搭建游戏世界的组成元素，通过设置其Transform等属性来变换它们的位置、形态等。 - Terrain等:
Terrain本身是地图，然后又附带了绘制地图的各项工具（造山、造草等）。
- Camera:
编程实践: 牧师与魔鬼分离版
-
【2019新要求】：设计一个裁判类，当游戏达到结束条件时，通知场景控制器游戏结束
结构：
- 先把Judge裁判类设计好，其实就是把先前检查游戏结束条件的方法抽出来构成一个类而已，FirstController类调用CheckGameState()方法查看游戏是否结束(0为正在进行，1为失败，2为获胜)
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class Judge : MonoBehaviour
{
public CoastController startCoast; //右岸
public CoastController endCoast; //左岸
public BoatController boat; //船
//实例化的同时同步对象
public Judge(CoastController start, CoastController end, BoatController b)
{
startCoast = start;
endCoast = end;
boat = b;
}
// 检查游戏是否结束
public int CheckGameState()
{
int start_priest = (startCoast.GetobjectsNumber())[0];
int start_devil = (startCoast.GetobjectsNumber())[1];
int end_priest = (endCoast.GetobjectsNumber())[0];
int end_devil = (endCoast.GetobjectsNumber())[1];
if (end_priest == 3 && end_devil == 3)
return 2;
int[] boat_roles = boat.GetobjectsNumber();
//船在开始岸
if (boat.get_State() == 1)
{
start_priest += boat_roles[0];
start_devil += boat_roles[1];
}
else //穿在结束岸
{
end_priest += boat_roles[0];
end_devil += boat_roles[1];
}
if ((start_priest > 0 && start_priest < start_devil) || (end_priest > 0 && end_priest < end_devil))
return 1;
return 0;
}
}
- SSAction类：SSAction是所有动作的基类，ScriptableObject 是不需要绑定 GameObject 对象的可编程基类。
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using Interfaces;
//动作分离
public class SSAction : ScriptableObject {
public bool enable = true;
public bool destroy = false;
public GameObject gameObject; //动作发出的对象
public Transform transform; //对象的transform
public SSActionCallback CallBack; //回调函数
public virtual void Start()
{
throw new System.NotImplementedException();
}
public virtual void Update()
{
throw new System.NotImplementedException();
}
}
//移动动作，继承SSAction
public class CCMoveToAction : SSAction
{
public Vector3 target; //终点
public float speed; //速度
private CCMoveToAction() { }
//静态函数
public static CCMoveToAction getAction(Vector3 target, float speed)
{
//单例模式
CCMoveToAction action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCMoveToAction>();
action.target = target;
action.speed = speed;
return action;
}
//重写Update函数
public override void Update()
{
//移动
this.transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(transform.position, target, speed * Time.deltaTime);
//到达目的地设置destroy为true，销毁这个动作，回调
if (transform.position == target)
{
destroy = true;
CallBack.SSActionCallback(this);
}
}
public override void Start()
{
}
}
//动作列表
public class CCSequenceAction : SSAction, SSActionCallback
{
public List<SSAction> sequence; //存储一连续的动作
public int repeat = 1; // 1->only do it for once, -1->repeat forever
public int currentActionIndex = 0; //当前轮到的动作下标
//获取动作
public static CCSequenceAction getAction(int repeat, int currentActionIndex, List<SSAction> sequence)
{
CCSequenceAction action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCSequenceAction>();
action.sequence = sequence;
action.repeat = repeat;
action.currentActionIndex = currentActionIndex;
return action;
}
//重写Update
public override void Update()
{
if (sequence.Count == 0) return;
if (currentActionIndex < sequence.Count)
{
sequence[currentActionIndex].Update();//调用sequence里当前的做的Update方法
}
}
//接口要求重写的函数,传入一个动作进行回调
public void SSActionCallback(SSAction source)
{
source.destroy = false;
this.currentActionIndex++; //轮到下一个动作
if (this.currentActionIndex >= sequence.Count) //超过范围
{
this.currentActionIndex = 0;
if (repeat > 0) repeat--;
if (repeat == 0)
{
this.destroy = true;
this.CallBack.SSActionCallback(this);
}
}
}
public override void Start()
{
//对每个动作进行初始化
foreach (SSAction action in sequence)
{
action.gameObject = this.gameObject;
action.transform = this.transform;
action.CallBack = this;
action.Start();
}
}
void OnDestroy()
{
foreach (SSAction action in sequence)
{
Destroy(action); //销毁对象(动作)
}
}
}
//动作管理器
public class SSActionManager : MonoBehaviour
{
private Dictionary<int, SSAction> actions = new Dictionary<int, SSAction>(); //正在进行
private List<SSAction> waitingToAdd = new List<SSAction>(); //等待添加
private List<int> watingToDelete = new List<int>(); //等待销毁
protected void Update()
{
//等待队列里的动作都添加到actions
foreach (SSAction ac in waitingToAdd)
{
actions[ac.GetInstanceID()] = ac;
}
waitingToAdd.Clear();
//获取每一个动作,检查是否完成
foreach (KeyValuePair<int, SSAction> kv in actions)
{
SSAction ac = kv.Value;
//动作的destroy属性为true是加入到销毁对列里
if (ac.destroy)
{
watingToDelete.Add(ac.GetInstanceID());
}
else if (ac.enable)
{
ac.Update();
}
}
//对销毁队列的每一个动作
foreach (int key in watingToDelete)
{
SSAction ac = actions[key];
actions.Remove(key);
Destroy(ac);
}
watingToDelete.Clear();
}
//添加动作,传入对象,动作,和回调函数
public void addAction(GameObject gameObject, SSAction action, SSActionCallback ICallBack)
{
action.gameObject = gameObject;
action.transform = gameObject.transform;
action.CallBack = ICallBack;
waitingToAdd.Add(action);
action.Start();
}
}
- CCMoveToAction类(SSACtion.cs里)：实现简单的动作，并且管理内存回收以及重写Update()函数实现物体的运动。
//移动动作，继承SSAction
public class CCMoveToAction : SSAction
{
public Vector3 target; //终点
public float speed; //速度
private CCMoveToAction() { }
//静态函数
public static CCMoveToAction getAction(Vector3 target, float speed)
{
//单例模式
CCMoveToAction action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCMoveToAction>();
action.target = target;
action.speed = speed;
return action;
}
//重写Update函数
public override void Update()
{
//移动
this.transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(transform.position, target, speed * Time.deltaTime);
//到达目的地设置destroy为true，销毁这个动作，回调
if (transform.position == target)
{
destroy = true;
CallBack.SSActionCallback(this);
}
}
public override void Start()
{
}
}
- CCSequenceAction类(SSAction.cs里)：创建动作执行序列，按要求循环执行保存的动作序列。
//动作列表
public class CCSequenceAction : SSAction, SSActionCallback
{
public List<SSAction> sequence; //存储一连续的动作
public int repeat = 1; // 1->only do it for once, -1->repeat forever
public int currentActionIndex = 0; //当前轮到的动作下标
//获取动作
public static CCSequenceAction getAction(int repeat, int currentActionIndex, List<SSAction> sequence)
{
CCSequenceAction action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCSequenceAction>();
action.sequence = sequence;
action.repeat = repeat;
action.currentActionIndex = currentActionIndex;
return action;
}
//重写Update
public override void Update()
{
if (sequence.Count == 0) return;
if (currentActionIndex < sequence.Count)
{
sequence[currentActionIndex].Update();//调用sequence里当前的做的Update方法
}
}
//接口要求重写的函数,传入一个动作进行回调
public void SSActionCallback(SSAction source)
{
source.destroy = false;
this.currentActionIndex++; //轮到下一个动作
if (this.currentActionIndex >= sequence.Count) //超过范围
{
this.currentActionIndex = 0;
if (repeat > 0) repeat--;
if (repeat == 0)
{
this.destroy = true;
this.CallBack.SSActionCallback(this);
}
}
}
public override void Start()
{
//对每个动作进行初始化
foreach (SSAction action in sequence)
{
action.gameObject = this.gameObject;
action.transform = this.transform;
action.CallBack = this;
action.Start();
}
}
void OnDestroy()
{
foreach (SSAction action in sequence)
{
Destroy(action); //销毁对象(动作)
}
}
}
- SSActionCallback接口：定义了事件处理接口，所有事件管理者都必须实现这个接口来实现事件调度。
public interface SSActionCallback
{
void SSActionCallback(SSAction source);
}
- SSActionManager类(SSAction.cs里)：动作管理的基类，使用上述的移动方法，实现游戏对象与动作的绑定，确定回调函数消息的接收对象。
//动作管理器
public class SSActionManager : MonoBehaviour
{
private Dictionary<int, SSAction> actions = new Dictionary<int, SSAction>(); //正在进行
private List<SSAction> waitingToAdd = new List<SSAction>(); //等待添加
private List<int> watingToDelete = new List<int>(); //等待销毁
protected void Update()
{
//等待队列里的动作都添加到actions
foreach (SSAction ac in waitingToAdd)
{
actions[ac.GetInstanceID()] = ac;
}
waitingToAdd.Clear();
//获取每一个动作,检查是否完成
foreach (KeyValuePair<int, SSAction> kv in actions)
{
SSAction ac = kv.Value;
//动作的destroy属性为true是加入到销毁对列里
if (ac.destroy)
{
watingToDelete.Add(ac.GetInstanceID());
}
else if (ac.enable)
{
ac.Update();
}
}
//对销毁队列的每一个动作
foreach (int key in watingToDelete)
{
SSAction ac = actions[key];
actions.Remove(key);
Destroy(ac);
}
watingToDelete.Clear();
}
//添加动作,传入对象,动作,和回调函数
public void addAction(GameObject gameObject, SSAction action, SSActionCallback ICallBack)
{
action.gameObject = gameObject;
action.transform = gameObject.transform;
action.CallBack = ICallBack;
waitingToAdd.Add(action);
action.Start();
}
}
- FirstSceneActionManager类：当前场景下的动作管理的具体实现，与场景控制基类配合，实现对当前场景的直接管理。挂载到图像中的Main空对象上实现对预制加载的场景的管理。
//挂到空项目上,继承动作管理器和回调接口
public class FirstSceneActionManager : SSActionManager, SSActionCallback
{
public SSActionEventType Complete = SSActionEventType.Completed; //事件的状态是否完成
//船移动
public void BoatMove(BoatController Boat)
{
Complete = SSActionEventType.Started;
CCMoveToAction action = CCMoveToAction.getAction(Boat.GetDestination(), Boat.GetMoveSpeed());
addAction(Boat.GetGameObject(), action, this); //见SSAcitonManager
Boat.ChangeState(); //改变船的状态
}
//人物对象移动
public void GameObjectsMove(GameObjects GameObject, Vector3 Destination)
{
Complete = SSActionEventType.Started;
//防止撞墙,定义一个中点坐标
Vector3 CurrentPos = GameObject.GetPosition();
Vector3 MiddlePos = CurrentPos;
if (Destination.y > CurrentPos.y)
{
MiddlePos.y = Destination.y;
}
else
{
MiddlePos.x = Destination.x;
}
//先移动到中间
SSAction action1 = CCMoveToAction.getAction(MiddlePos, GameObject.GetMoveSpeed());
//在移动到目的地
SSAction action2 = CCMoveToAction.getAction(Destination, GameObject.GetMoveSpeed());
//CCSequenceAction是SSAction的子类
SSAction seqAction = CCSequenceAction.getAction(1, 0, new List<SSAction> { action1, action2 });
//这个类继承了SSActionManager,管理动作
this.addAction(GameObject.GetGameobject(), seqAction, this);
}
//回调函数SSActionEventType设置为Completed
public void SSActionCallback(SSAction source)
{
Complete = SSActionEventType.Completed;
}
}
- FirstController类(挂到空项目上的cs文件)：实现使用动作分离的动作管理:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using Interfaces;
//挂在空项目上
public class FirstController : MonoBehaviour, ISceneController, UserAction
{
InteracteGUI UserGUI; //玩家GUI
public CoastController fromCoast; //右岸
public CoastController toCoast; //左岸
public BoatController boat; //船
private GameObjects[] GameObjects; //人物
public Judge judge; //裁判类
private FirstSceneActionManager FCActionManager; //动作场景控制器
void Start()
{
FCActionManager = GetComponent<FirstSceneActionManager>(); //初始化
judge = new Judge(fromCoast, toCoast, boat); //初始化裁判类
}
void Awake() //唤醒,各类的初始化
{
SSDirector director = SSDirector.getInstance();
director.currentScenceController = this;
UserGUI = gameObject.AddComponent<InteracteGUI>() as InteracteGUI;
GameObjects = new GameObjects[6];
LoadResources();
}
public void LoadResources() //ISceneController接口实现的方法,实例化各对象
{
fromCoast = new CoastController("from");
toCoast = new CoastController("to");
boat = new BoatController();
GameObject water = Instantiate(Resources.Load("Perfabs/Water", typeof(GameObject)), new Vector3(0, 0.5F, 0), Quaternion.identity, null) as GameObject;
water.name = "water";
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
GameObjects s = new GameObjects("priest");
s.setName("priest" + i);
s.setPosition(fromCoast.getEmptyPosition());
s.getOnCoast(fromCoast);
fromCoast.getOnCoast(s);
GameObjects[i] = s;
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
GameObjects s = new GameObjects("devil");
s.setName("devil" + i);
s.setPosition(fromCoast.getEmptyPosition());
s.getOnCoast(fromCoast);
fromCoast.getOnCoast(s);
GameObjects[i + 3] = s;
}
}
public void ObjectIsClicked(GameObjects Objects) //人物被点击事件
{
if (FCActionManager.Complete == SSActionEventType.Started) return;
if (Objects.isOnBoat()) //对象在船上
{
CoastController whichCoast;
if (boat.get_State() == -1)
{ // to->-1; from->1
whichCoast = toCoast;
}
else
{
whichCoast = fromCoast;
}
boat.GetOffBoat(Objects.getName()); //下船,操作船对象
FCActionManager.GameObjectsMove(Objects,whichCoast.getEmptyPosition()); //移动到空位置
Objects.getOnCoast(whichCoast); //登陆,操作人物对象
whichCoast.getOnCoast(Objects); //登陆,操作岸对象
}
else //对象在岸上
{
Debug.Log("On Coast!");
CoastController whichCoast = Objects.getCoastController(); // obejects on coast
if (boat.getEmptyIndex() == -1)
{
return;
}
if (whichCoast.get_State() != boat.get_State()) // boat is not on the side of character
return;
whichCoast.getOffCoast(Objects.getName()); //下岸,操作岸对象
FCActionManager.GameObjectsMove(Objects, boat.getEmptyPosition()); //移动
Objects.getOnBoat(boat); //上船,操作人物对象
boat.GetOnBoat(Objects); //上船,操作船对象
}
// UserGUI.SetState = Check();
UserGUI.SetState = judge.CheckGameState();
}
public void MoveBoat()
{
if (FCActionManager.Complete == SSActionEventType.Started || boat.isEmpty()) return;
FCActionManager.BoatMove(boat);
//UserGUI.SetState = Check();
UserGUI.SetState = judge.CheckGameState();
}
//有了裁判类这个函数就不用到了
int Check()
{ // 0->not finish, 1->lose, 2->win
int from_priest = 0;
int from_devil = 0;
int to_priest = 0;
int to_devil = 0;
int[] fromCount = fromCoast.GetobjectsNumber();
from_priest += fromCount[0];
from_devil += fromCount[1];
int[] toCount = toCoast.GetobjectsNumber();
to_priest += toCount[0];
to_devil += toCount[1];
if (to_priest + to_devil == 6) // win
return 2;
int[] boatCount = boat.GetobjectsNumber();
if (boat.get_State() == -1)
{ // boat at toCoast
to_priest += boatCount[0];
to_devil += boatCount[1];
}
else
{ // boat at fromCoast
from_priest += boatCount[0];
from_devil += boatCount[1];
}
if (from_priest < from_devil && from_priest > 0)
{ // lose
return 1;
}
if (to_priest < to_devil && to_priest > 0)
{
return 1;
}
return 0; // not finish
}
//重置
public void Restart()
{
fromCoast.reset();
toCoast.reset();
foreach (GameObjects gameobject in GameObjects)
{
gameobject.reset();
}
boat.reset();
}
}
其他函数改动不大
总结
实现动作分离，并添加裁判类，裁判类再FirstController里用到，用于检查游戏状态是否结束。
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