《Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn and TensorFlow》 学习笔记第一篇----综述

一、机器学习基础(使用工具sklearn)

  • 机器学习定义,主要的一些概念,主要挑战
  • 一个完整的机器学习项目包含哪些内容## 标题
    数据+模型 缺一不可

数据方面:

数据预处理,特征选择,数据可视化

模型方面:

选择算法适配数据,评估模型,(交叉验证,过拟合/欠拟合,学习/验证曲线,各种精度指标),模型参数选择

二、些补充概念

核外学习概念:处理计算机内无法应对大量数据,将数据分为小批量,然后使用在线学习技术从这些小批量数据中学习。
批量学习技术:使用MapReduce技术
模型参数:这些参数决定模型的预测值(比如斜率)
超参数:试图找到这些参数本身的最佳值(比如学习的正则化和学习率)

机器学习面临的主要挑战(从数据和模型两方面来讲)

  • 数据缺乏、数据质量差
  • 数据不具代表性、特征不具信息量
  • 模型过于简单对训练数据拟合不足,以及模型过于复杂对训练数据过度拟合

解决过拟合的方法:

  • 获取更多数据
  • 简化模型(选择更简单的算法、减少使用的参数或特征数量、对模型正则化)
  • 减少训练数据中的噪声

交叉验证不需要单独的验证集实现模型参数的选择和调整超参数,节省宝贵的训练数据

常见的无监督学习方法:

聚类,降维,关联规则学习,可视化

三、 构建机器学习项目八步法

详见本书中文版第611页。

在这里插入图片描述

四、神经网络深度学习(使用工具框架tensorflow)

神经网络和深度学习方法适合自然语言处理,图像识别,语音识别

  • 一些常见神经网络的架构

CNN/RNN/LSTM/AE/DNN

  • 神经网络训练和参数调整的技巧
  • 神经网络反向传播的推导
  • 如何微调神经网络模型适配于不同的场景
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When most people hearMachine Learning,” they picture a robot: a dependable butler or a deadly Terminator depending on who you ask. But Machine Learning is not just a futuristic fantasy, it’s already here. In fact, it has been around for decades in some specialized applications, such as Optical Character Recognition (OCR). But the first ML application that really became mainstream, improving the lives of hundreds of millions of people, took over the world back in the 1990s: it was the spam filter. Not exactly a self-aware Skynet, but it does technically qualify as Machine Learning (it has actually learned so well that you seldom need to flag an email as spam anymore). It was followed by hundreds of ML applications that now quietly power hundreds of products and features that you use regularly, from better recommendations to voice search. Where does Machine Learning start and where does it end? What exactly does it mean for a machine to learn something? If I download a copy of Wikipedia, has my computer really “learned” something? Is it suddenly smarter? In this chapter we will start by clarifying what Machine Learning is and why you may want to use it. Then, before we set out to explore the Machine Learning continent, we will take a look at the map and learn about the main regions and the most notable landmarks: supervised versus unsupervised learning, online versus batch learning, instance-based versus model-based learning. Then we will look at the workflow of a typical ML project, discuss the main challenges you may face, and cover how to evaluate and fine-tune a Machine Learning system. This chapter introduces a lot of fundamental concepts (and jargon) that every data scientist should know by heart. It will be a high-level overview (the only chapter without much code), all rather simple, but you should make sure everything is crystal-clear to you before continuing to the rest of the book. So grab a coffee and let’s get started!
Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn and TensorFlow: Concepts, Tools, and Techniques to Build Intelligent Systems by Aurélien Géron English | 13 Mar. 2017 | ASIN: B06XNKV5TS | 581 Pages | AZW3 | 21.66 MB Through a series of recent breakthroughs, deep learning has boosted the entire field of machine learning. Now, even programmers who know close to nothing about this technology can use simple, efficient tools to implement programs capable of learning from data. This practical book shows you how. By using concrete examples, minimal theory, and two production-ready Python frameworks—scikit-learn and TensorFlow—author Aurélien Géron helps you gain an intuitive understanding of the concepts and tools for building intelligent systems. You’ll learn a range of techniques, starting with simple linear regression and progressing to deep neural networks. With exercises in each chapter to help you apply what you’ve learned, all you need is programming experience to get started. Explore the machine learning landscape, particularly neural nets Use scikit-learn to track an example machine-learning project end-to-end Explore several training models, including support vector machines, decision trees, random forests, and ensemble methods Use the TensorFlow library to build and train neural nets Dive into neural net architectures, including convolutional nets, recurrent nets, and deep reinforcement learning Learn techniques for training and scaling deep neural nets Apply practical code examples without acquiring excessive machine learning theory or algorithm details
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