反射——获取运行时类的完整结构

获取运行时类的属性结构以及内部结构

创建泛型父类Creature

public class Creature<T> implements Serializable{
    private char gender;
    public double weight;

    private void breath(){
        System.out.println("生物呼吸");
    }

    public void eat(){
        System.out.println("生物吃东西");
    }
}

自定义一个注解MyAnnotation

@Target({TYPE, FIELD, METHOD, PARAMETER, CONSTRUCTOR, LOCAL_VARIABLE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface MyAnnotation {
    String value() default "hello";

}

自定义一个接口MyInterface

public interface MyInterface {
    void info();
}

创建一个Creature的子类Person

@MyAnnotation(value = "jian")
public class Person extends Creature<String> implements Comparable<String>,MyInterface{

    private String name;
    int age;
    public int id;

    public Person(){

    }

    @MyAnnotation(value = "私有含参name构造器")
    private Person(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    Person(String name, int age){
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    @MyAnnotation
    private String show(String nation){
        System.out.println("我的国籍是" + nation);
        return nation;
    }

    public String display(String interests){
        return interests;
    }



    @Override
    public void info() {
        System.out.println("我是一个人");
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(String o) {
        return 0;
    }
}

1、获取当前运行时类的属性结构

获取声明的类的属性

    @Test
    public void test(){
        Class clazz = Person.class;

        //获取属性结构
        //getFields():获取当前运行时类及其父类中声明为public访问权限的属性
        Field[] fields = clazz.getFields();
        for (Field f : fields){
            System.out.println(f);
        }

        System.out.println("*********************************************************");

        //getDeclaredFields():获取当前运行时类中声明的所有属性。（不包含父类中声明的属性)
        Field[] declaredFields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
        for(Field f : declaredFields){
            System.out.println(f);
        }
    }

输出结果：

获取权限修饰符、数据类型、变量名

    @Test
    public void test1(){
        Class clazz = Person.class;
        Field[] declaredFields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
        for(Field f : declaredFields){
            //获取权限修饰符
            int modifier = f.getModifiers();
            System.out.print(Modifier.toString(modifier) + "\t");

            //获取变量数据类型
            Class type = f.getType();
            System.out.print(type.getName() + "\t");

            //获取变量名
            String name = f.getName();
            System.out.println(name);
        }
    }

输出结果：

2、获取当前运行时类的方法结构

获取方法结构

    @Test
    public void test(){
        Class clazz = Person.class;
        //getMethods():获取当前运行时类及其所父类中声明为public权限的方法
        Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
        for(Method m : methods){
            System.out.println(m);
        }

        System.out.println("********************************************************************");

        //getDeclaredMethods():获取当前运行时类中声明的所有方法。（不包含父类中声明的方法)
        Method[] declaredMethods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
        for(Method m : declaredMethods){
            System.out.println(m);
        }
    }

输出结果：

获取方法的内部结构：权限修饰符、返回值类型、方法名、参数类型、形参名、抛出的异常

    @Test
    public void test1(){
        Class clazz = Person.class;
        Method[] declaredMethods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
        for(Method m : declaredMethods){
            //获取方法声明的注解
            Annotation[] annotations = m.getAnnotations();
            for (Annotation a : annotations){
                System.out.println(a);
            }

            //获取权限修饰符
            System.out.print(Modifier.toString(m.getModifiers()) + "\t");

            //返回值类型
            System.out.print(m.getReturnType().getName() + "\t");

            //方法名
            System.out.print(m.getName());

            //形参列表
            System.out.print("(");
            Class[] parameterTypes = m.getParameterTypes();
            if (!(parameterTypes == null && parameterTypes.length == 0)){
                for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {

                    if (i == parameterTypes.length - 1){
                        System.out.print(parameterTypes[i].getName() + " args_" + i + " ");
                        break;
                    }

                    System.out.print(parameterTypes[i].getName() + " args_" + i + " " + ",");
                }
            }
            System.out.print(")");

            //抛出的异常
            Class[] exceptionTypes = m.getExceptionTypes();
            if (exceptionTypes.length > 0){
                System.out.print("throws ");
                for (int i = 0; i < exceptionTypes.length; i++) {
                    if (i == exceptionTypes.length - 1){
                        System.out.print(exceptionTypes[i].getName());
                        break;
                    }

                    System.out.print(exceptionTypes[i].getName() + ",");
                }
            }


            System.out.println();
        }
    }

输出结果：

3、获取当前运行时类的构造器结构

    @Test
    public void test(){
        Class clazz = Person.class;
        //getConstructors():获取当前运行时类中声明为public的构造器
        Constructor[] constructors = clazz.getConstructors();
        for (Constructor c : constructors){
            System.out.println(c);
        }

        System.out.println("**************************************");

        //getDeclaredConstructors():获取当前运行时类中声明的所有的构造器
        Constructor[] declaredConstructors = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors();
        for (Constructor c : declaredConstructors){
            System.out.println(c);
        }
    }

输出结果：

4、获取当前运行时类的父类及父类的泛型

    @Test
    public void test1(){
        Class clazz = Person.class;
        //获取运行时类的父类
        Class superclass = clazz.getSuperclass();
        System.out.println(superclass);

        System.out.println("**************************************");

        //获取运行时类的带泛型的父类
        Type genericSuperclass = clazz.getGenericSuperclass();
        System.out.println(genericSuperclass);

        System.out.println("**************************************");

        //获取运行时类的带泛型的父类的泛型
        ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) genericSuperclass;
        Type[] actualTypeArguments = parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments();
        for (Type p : actualTypeArguments){
            System.out.println(p.getTypeName());
        }
    }

输出结果：

5、获取当前运行时类的接口、所在包、注解等

    @Test
    public void test2(){
        Class clazz = Person.class;
        //获取运行时类实现的接口
        Class[] interfaces = clazz.getInterfaces();
        for (Class c : interfaces){
            System.out.println(c);
        }

        System.out.println("**************************************");

        //获取运行时类的父类实现的接口
        Class[] interfaces1 = clazz.getSuperclass().getInterfaces();
        for (Class c : interfaces1){
            System.out.println(c);
        }

        System.out.println("**************************************");

        //获取运行时类所在的包
        Package pkg = clazz.getPackage();
        System.out.println(pkg);

        System.out.println("**************************************");

        //获取运行时类声明的注解
        Annotation[] annotations = clazz.getAnnotations();
        for (Annotation a : annotations){
            System.out.println(a);
        }
    }

输出结果：