Linux内核学习日记（第一天）

Linux内核学习日记

20191201
大概翻了下往上关于内核主要功能的文章，自己原本的理解是对CPU固有资源的初始化，比如时钟，串口，硬盘存储，输入输出设备，显示等这些必有的东西，初始化成什么样子呢，就是应用层或者操作系统可以直接用的状态，比如我调用一个OPEN函数，直接可以进入内核中操作文件，而不用我再写一些配置代码或者接口代码，这些应该在内核里都写好，把资源全都准备好，供给应用程序用。
这里面重要的又分为这几个部分
1、进程管理，进程调度
2、内存管理，地址映射
3、文件系统，前几天学过的，用于管理存储数据的
4、设备控制，有一些固有设备的驱动，串口这些驱动的初始化
5、网络设备，网卡的初始化等等，最重要的就是要联网嘛

现在基本都有了解，操作系统，内存映射，文件系统，设备驱动，网络设备，都学习过，然后根据自己所学知识慢慢总结吧。

之前看过视频，学习过内核的启动流程来着，时间太长有点忘了。不过现在看了看资料，想起来一些。

内核简单点将就是各种资源初始化的集合，在BootLoader拷贝完内核代码之后，调到内核代码的第一个函数那里开始运行内核，说的复杂，其实就和51的while（1）大循环一样，从上至下运行，就是初始化这一部分整合为名字叫内核的一大块东西，内核入口函数是start_kernel，从这个函数开始启动，里面是一大堆的初始化函数

asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
{
	char * command_line;
	extern struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];

	smp_setup_processor_id();

	/*
	 * Need to run as early as possible, to initialize the
	 * lockdep hash:
	 */
	unwind_init();
	lockdep_init();

	local_irq_disable();
	early_boot_irqs_off();
	early_init_irq_lock_class();

/*
 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
 * enable them
 */
	lock_kernel();
	tick_init();
	boot_cpu_init();
	page_address_init();
	printk(KERN_NOTICE);
	printk(linux_banner);
	setup_arch(&command_line);
	setup_command_line(command_line);
	unwind_setup();
	setup_per_cpu_areas();
	smp_prepare_boot_cpu();	/* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */

	/*
	 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
	 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
	 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
	 */
	sched_init();
	/*
	 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
	 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
	 */
	preempt_disable();
	build_all_zonelists();
	page_alloc_init();
	printk(KERN_NOTICE "Kernel command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
	parse_early_param();
	parse_args("Booting kernel", static_command_line, __start___param,
		   __stop___param - __start___param,
		   &unknown_bootoption);
	if (!irqs_disabled()) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
				"enabled *very* early, fixing it\n");
		local_irq_disable();
	}
	sort_main_extable();
	trap_init();
	rcu_init();
	init_IRQ();
	pidhash_init();
	init_timers();
	hrtimers_init();
	softirq_init();
	timekeeping_init();
	time_init();
	profile_init();
	if (!irqs_disabled())
		printk("start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were enabled early\n");
	early_boot_irqs_on();
	local_irq_enable();

	/*
	 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
	 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
	 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
	 */
	console_init();
	if (panic_later)
		panic(panic_later, panic_param);

	lockdep_info();

	/*
	 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
	 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
	 * too:
	 */
	locking_selftest();

#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
	if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
			initrd_start < min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) {
		printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
		    "disabling it.\n",initrd_start,min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
		initrd_start = 0;
	}
#endif
	vfs_caches_init_early();
	cpuset_init_early();
	mem_init();
	kmem_cache_init();
	setup_per_cpu_pageset();
	numa_policy_init();
	if (late_time_init)
		late_time_init();
	calibrate_delay();
	pidmap_init();
	pgtable_cache_init();
	prio_tree_init();
	anon_vma_init();
#ifdef CONFIG_X86
	if (efi_enabled)
		efi_enter_virtual_mode();
#endif
	fork_init(num_physpages);
	proc_caches_init();
	buffer_init();
	unnamed_dev_init();
	key_init();
	security_init();
	vfs_caches_init(num_physpages);
	radix_tree_init();
	signals_init();
	/* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
	page_writeback_init();
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
	proc_root_init();
#endif
	cpuset_init();
	taskstats_init_early();
	delayacct_init();

	check_bugs();

	acpi_early_init(); /* before LAPIC and SMP init */

	/* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
	rest_init();
}

最后这个好像还挺重要的，好像是创建第一个进程吧，init进程