策略模式优化C++项目中的if-else语句

前言

实际工作中，很多场景下需要根据不同参数执行不同的处理，首先想到的就是if-else进行判断处理。但是，如果条件太多，且条件中的处理过程比较繁多，这样处理起来就会导致代码臃肿，阅读和维护起来比较困难。因此，为了提高代码质量，往往需要对if-else进行优化。下面以项目中一个实际场景进行入手。

场景

需求：开发一个设备驱动软件，根据显控下发的参数，通过TCP协议发送不同的命令参数给实际设备，以达到远程控制设备的目的。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<map>
using namespace std;

#define SENDENDFLAG  0x0D   //控制指令最后一个字节    回车
#define OK "ok";
/*
模拟TCP客户端，其中有封装好的发送命令的接口和接收数据的接口
*/
class TcpClient{
public:
	//发送命令
	int SendCMD(string cmd)
	{
		cout << "发送命令：" << cmd << endl;
		return 0;
	}
	//接收数据
	int RecvData()
	{
		cout << "接收数据：" << endl;
		return 0;
	}
};
TcpClient tcpCli;
/*
该函数是与显控进行通信的接口：
在该函数内接收显控下发的设备控制指令，然后，以设备协议的命令格式通过TCP发送给设备
*/
string OnUpdate(string inJson)
{
	if (inJson=="1")   //启动命令
	{
		string Address = "255";           //地址码      
		string strCMD = "<" + Address;    //命令字
		strCMD += "/1_111";              //命令码_操作
		strCMD += SENDENDFLAG;
		
		tcpCli.SendCMD(strCMD);
		return OK;
	}
	else if (inJson == "2")//停止命令
	{
		string Address = "255";           //地址码      
		string strCMD = "<" + Address;    //命令字
		strCMD += "/2_222";              //命令码_操作
		strCMD += SENDENDFLAG;
		tcpCli.SendCMD(strCMD);
		return OK;
	}
	else if (inJson == "3")//自检命令
	{
		string Address = "255";           //地址码      
		string strCMD = "<" + Address;    //命令字
		strCMD += "/3_333";              //命令码_操作
		strCMD += SENDENDFLAG;
		tcpCli.SendCMD(strCMD);
		return OK;
	}
	else if(inJson == "4")
	{
	     //还有很多其他命令，这里进行省略。。。。
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "命令无效！" << endl;
		return OK;
	}
	return "OK";
}
//模拟显控下发启动指令
void test01()
{
	string str = "1";
	OnUpdate(str);
}

int main()
{
    test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

策略模式简单应用

应用策略模式重构上述代码，代码如下：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<map>
using namespace std;

#define SENDENDFLAG  0x0D   //控制指令最后一个字节    回车
#define OK "ok";
//定义命令策略接口
class CommandStrategy
{
public:
	virtual string Command() = 0;
};


class StartCmd :public CommandStrategy
{
public:
	virtual string Command()
	{
		string Address = "255";           //地址码      
		string strCMD = "<" + Address;    //命令字
		strCMD += "/1_111";              //命令码_操作
		strCMD += SENDENDFLAG;
		return strCMD;
	}

};

//关闭命令
class CloseCmd :public CommandStrategy
{
public:
	virtual string Command()
	{
		string Address = "255";           //地址码      
		string strCMD = "<" + Address;    //命令字
		strCMD += "/2_222";              //命令码_操作
		strCMD += SENDENDFLAG;
		return strCMD;
	}

};
//查询命令
class SearchCmd :public CommandStrategy
{
public:
	virtual string Command()
	{
		string Address = "255";           //地址码      
		string strCMD = "<" + Address;    //命令字
		strCMD += "/3_333";              //命令码_操作
		strCMD += SENDENDFLAG;
		return strCMD;
	}

};
class Character
{
public:
	void setCommand(CommandStrategy * comStra)  //创建命令对象
	{
		this->pCom = comStra;
	}
	void TCPSend()
	{
		string com = this->pCom->Command();  //生成命令
		tcpClient->SendCMD(com); //发送命令
		
	}
public:
	CommandStrategy * pCom;
	TcpClient *tcpClient;
};

string OnUpdate(string inJson)
{
	//创建角色
	Character* cha = new Character;

	if (inJson == "1")
	{
		CommandStrategy* strartCmd = new StartCmd;
		cha->setCommand(strartCmd);
		cha->TCPSend();
		delete strartCmd;
		delete cha;
		return OK;
	}
	else if (inJson == "2")
	{
		CommandStrategy* closeCmd = new CloseCmd;
		cha->setCommand(closeCmd);
		cha->TCPSend();
		delete closeCmd;
		delete cha;
		return OK;
	}
	else if (inJson == "3")
	{
		CommandStrategy* searchCmd = new SearchCmd;
		cha->setCommand(searchCmd);
		cha->TCPSend();
		delete searchCmd;
		delete cha;
		return OK;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "命令无效！" << endl;
		delete cha;
		return OK;
	}
	delete cha;
	return OK;
}

void test01()
{
	string str = "2";
	OnUpdate(str);

}
int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

策略模式+工厂模式优化if-else

上面的策略模式简单应用例子，没有对if-else进行优化，这里在它的基础上，增加工厂方法，优化if-else繁多问题，代码如下：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<map>
using namespace std;

#define SENDENDFLAG  0x0D   //控制指令最后一个字节    回车
#define OK "ok";
/*
定义命令策略接口
抽象类不能创建对象，只能创建指针对象
*/
class CommandStrategy
{
public:
	virtual string Command() = 0;
};

//启动命令
class StartCmd :public CommandStrategy
{
public:
	virtual string Command()
	{
		string Address = "255";           //地址码      
		string strCMD = "<" + Address;    //命令字
		strCMD += "/1_111";              //命令码_操作
		strCMD += SENDENDFLAG;
		return strCMD;
	}
};

//关闭命令
class CloseCmd :public CommandStrategy
{
public:
	virtual string Command()
	{
		string Address = "255";           //地址码      
		string strCMD = "<" + Address;    //命令字
		strCMD += "/2_222";              //命令码_操作
		strCMD += SENDENDFLAG;
		return strCMD;
	}

};
//查询命令
class SearchCmd :public CommandStrategy
{
public:
	virtual string Command()
	{
		string Address = "255";           //地址码      
		string strCMD = "<" + Address;    //命令字
		strCMD += "/3_333";              //命令码_操作
		strCMD += SENDENDFLAG;
		return strCMD;
	}

};
//策略接口
class Character
{
public:
	void setCommand(CommandStrategy * comStra)  //创建命令对象
	{
		if (comStra==nullptr)
		{
			//创建
			return;
		}
		else
		{
			this->pCom = comStra;
		}
	}
	void TCPSend()
	{
		if (this->pCom==nullptr)
		{
			return;
		}
		else
		{
			string com = this->pCom->Command();  //生成命令
			tcpClient->SendCMD(com); //发送命令

		}
		
	}
public:
	CommandStrategy * pCom;
	TcpClient *tcpClient;
};
//工厂方法
class ServiceFactory{
public:
	ServiceFactory()
	{
		ma.insert(pair<string, CommandStrategy*>("1", new StartCmd));
		ma.insert(pair<string, CommandStrategy*>("2", new CloseCmd));
		ma.insert(pair<string, CommandStrategy*>("3", new SearchCmd));
	}
	CommandStrategy* getComService(string comType)
	{
		if (ma.count(comType) == 0)
		{
			cout << "命令无效！" << endl;
			return nullptr;
		}
		else
		{
			return ma.at(comType);
		}	
	}
private:
	map<string, CommandStrategy*> ma;
	
	
};
//优化后的接口内容如下
string OnUpdate(string inJson)
{
	Character* cha = new Character;
	ServiceFactory fac;
	CommandStrategy* Str=fac.getComService(inJson);
	if (Str==nullptr)
	{
		return "FALSE";
	}
	else
	{
		cha->setCommand(Str);
		cha->TCPSend();
	}
	
	delete Str;
	delete cha;
	return OK;
}
//模拟显控停止指令
void test02()
{
	string str = "2";
	OnUpdate(str);

}

int main()
{
	test02();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}