从二维码图片到镂空二维码stl模型（1）

本文的目的是在本地读取一张二维码图片，将它转换为一个本地的stl模型。从结果来讲就是给一张图片增加一个厚度。
基本思路：
1.将二维码图片（已用相关算法进行了联通）读取至一个二维0，1数组（或是灰度值）a中，用opencv库中的imread函数可以做到。
2.从头到尾扫一遍图片，如果该点是黑（或白）的就在该处建立一个细长立方体（明码输入一个本地的stl文件中）。
3.这样就可以生成一个镂空的二维码模型，厚度即为细长立方体的高。


简单来说，就是遍历二维码的像素点，如果该处有内容就将它从一个薄片转化为立方体，即赋予厚度。

C++在（x，y，z）生成一个细长立方体的测试代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
struct p
{
	int x;
	int y;
	int z;
	
	p(){}
	p(int xx,int yy,int zz)
		:x(xx),y(yy),z(zz) {}
	friend p operator + (const p &a,const p &b);
	friend p operator - (const p &a,const p &b);
	friend ostream& operator << (ostream& output, const p &a)
	{
		output<<a.x<<' '<<a.y<<' '<<a.z;
		return output;
	}
	friend p getf(const p &a,const p &b,const p &c);
	p operator * (int a)
	{
		return p(x*a,y*a,z*a);
	}
};
p operator + (const p &a,const p &b)
{
	return p(a.x+b.x,a.y+b.y,a.z+b.z);
}
p operator - (const p &a,const p &b)
{
	return p(a.x-b.x,a.y-b.y,a.z-b.z);
}
p getf(const p &a,const p &b,const p &c)//求法向量
{
	p ba=a-b;
	p bc=c-b;
	return p(bc.y*ba.z-ba.y*bc.z,bc.z*ba.x-bc.x*ba.z,bc.x*ba.y-ba.x*bc.y);//bc  X  ba
}
int getz(int a)//求绝对值
{
	return a>0?a:(-a);
}
void inat(const p &a,int c,int k,int judge,ostream& output)//生成一个长方形薄片（两个三角面片组合而成
{
	if(getz(judge)==1)
	{
		output<<"	facet normal "<<getf(a,p(a.x,a.y,a.z-c),p(a.x,a.y+k,a.z))*judge<<endl;
		output<<"		outer loop"<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<a<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<p(a.x,a.y,a.z-c)<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<p(a.x,a.y+k,a.z)<<endl;
		output<<"		endloop"<<endl;
		output<<"	endfacet"<<endl;
		output<<"	facet normal "<<getf(p(a.x,a.y+k,a.z),p(a.x,a.y,a.z-c),p(a.x,a.y+k,a.z-c))*judge<<endl;
		output<<"		outer loop"<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<p(a.x,a.y+k,a.z)<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<p(a.x,a.y,a.z-c)<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<p(a.x,a.y+k,a.z-c)<<endl;
		output<<"		endloop"<<endl;
		output<<"	endfacet"<<endl;
	}
	else if(getz(judge)==2)
	{
		output<<"	facet normal "<<getf(a,p(a.x,a.y,a.z-c),p(a.x+k,a.y,a.z))*(judge/2)<<endl;
		output<<"		outer loop"<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<a<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<p(a.x,a.y,a.z-c)<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<p(a.x+k,a.y,a.z)<<endl;
		output<<"		endloop"<<endl;
		output<<"	endfacet"<<endl;
		output<<"	facet normal "<<getf(p(a.x+k,a.y,a.z),p(a.x,a.y,a.z-c),p(a.x+k,a.y,a.z-c))*(judge/2)<<endl;
		output<<"		outer loop"<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<p(a.x+k,a.y,a.z)<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<p(a.x,a.y,a.z-c)<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<p(a.x+k,a.y,a.z-c)<<endl;
		output<<"		endloop"<<endl;
		output<<"	endfacet"<<endl;
	}
	else if(getz(judge)==3)
	{
		output<<"	facet normal "<<getf(a,p(a.x+c,a.y,a.z),p(a.x,a.y+k,a.z))*(judge/3)<<endl;
		output<<"		outer loop"<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<a<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<p(a.x+c,a.y,a.z)<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<p(a.x,a.y+k,a.z)<<endl;
		output<<"		endloop"<<endl;
		output<<"	endfacet"<<endl;
		output<<"	facet normal "<<getf(p(a.x,a.y+k,a.z),p(a.x+c,a.y,a.z),p(a.x+c,a.y+k,a.z))*(judge/3)<<endl;
		output<<"		outer loop"<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<p(a.x,a.y+k,a.z)<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<p(a.x+c,a.y,a.z)<<endl;
		output<<"			vertex "<<p(a.x+c,a.y+k,a.z)<<endl;
		output<<"		endloop"<<endl;
		output<<"	endfacet"<<endl;
	}
	else return;
}
void writein(const p &a,int c,int k,ostream& output)//生成一个立方体
{
	inat(a,c,k,2,output);
	inat(a,k,k,3,output);
	inat(a,c,k,1,output);
	inat(p(a.x,a.y,a.z-c),k,k,-3,output);
	inat(p(a.x+k,a.y,a.z),c,k,-1,output);
	inat(p(a.x,a.y+k,a.z),c,k,-2,output);
}
int main()
{
	ofstream output("test.stl",ios::out);
	if(!output)
	{
		cerr<<"open error!"<<endl;
		exit(1);
	}
	output<<"solid aname"<<endl;
	writein(p(0,0,0),10,1,output);
//	writein(p(1,0,0),10,1,output);
	output<<"endsolid aname";
	output.close();
	cout<<"创建模型成功！"; 
	return 0; 
}

注：main函数中的相关操作仅为测试立方体生成是否可行。

如果存在问题欢迎留言指出交流。