python装饰器例子

 基本例子

import functools
import time

#装饰器用法
def myDecorator(func):
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):#wrapper是装饰器的关键词
        start_time=time.time()
        print(f'{func.__name__} is runing')
        result=func(*args,**kwargs)
        over_time=time.time()
        print(f"{func.__name__} have run {over_time-start_time}")
        return result
    return wrapper

@myDecorator            
def mySquare(x):
    return x*x


mySquare(99.76) #相当于     my_decorator=myDecorator(mySquare)
                #          my_decorator(99.76)
mySquare(1)
print('______________________________________')

结果：

mySquare is runing
mySquare have run 0.0
mySquare is runing
mySquare have run 0.0

 

装饰器生成器用法

def timer(threshold):
    def myDecorator(func):

        def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
            start_time=time.time()
            print(f'{func.__name__} is runing')
            result=func(*args,**kwargs)
            over_time=time.time()
            consume_time=over_time-start_time
            if consume_time>=threshold:
                print(f"{func.__name__} have run overly {over_time-start_time}")
            else:
                print(f"{func.__name__} have run normally {over_time - start_time}")
            return result
        return wrapper
    return myDecorator

@timer(0.8)
def sleep_4():
    time.sleep(0.4)

sleep_4() #相当于sleep_4()=timer(0.8)(sleep_4)
print(sleep_4.__name__) #返回wrapper

结果： 

sleep_4 is runing
sleep_4 have run normally 0.41031980514526367
wrapper 

装饰器生成器的进一步改进

def timer(threshold):
    def myDecorator(func):
        @functools.wraps(func)
        def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
            start_time=time.time()
            print(f'{func.__name__} is runing')
            result=func(*args,**kwargs)
            over_time=time.time()
            consume_time=over_time-start_time
            if consume_time>=threshold:
                print(f"{func.__name__} have run overly {over_time-start_time}")
            else:
                print(f"{func.__name__} have run normally {over_time - start_time}")
            return result
        return wrapper
    return myDecorator

@timer(0.8)
def sleep_4():
    time.sleep(0.4)

sleep_4() #相当于sleep_4()=timer(0.8)(sleep_4)
print(sleep_4.__name__) #返回sleep_4

 结果：

sleep_4 is runing
sleep_4 have run normally 0.40468764305114746
sleep_4 

 

来自：【Python 高级特性】装饰器：不修改代码，就能改变函数功能的强大特性_哔哩哔哩_bilibili