Modern OpenGL绘制圆柱体

本文主要介绍如何使用 C++ 生成圆柱几何体以及如何在 OpenGL 中绘制它。

1.绘制方法

由于我们无法绘制一个完美的圆形底面和圆柱体的弯曲侧面，我们只能通过将底面除以扇区（切片）来采样有限数量的点。因此，它在技术上是通过将这些采样点连接在一起来构建棱柱体。随着样本数量的增加，几何形状更接近于圆柱体。

假设一个圆柱体以原点为中心，半径为r，高度为h。圆柱体上的任意点 ( x, y, z ) 可以从具有相应扇形角θ的圆方程计算出来：

扇形角的范围是从 0 到 360 度。每个步骤的扇形角可以通过以下方式计算：

2.创建存放顶点向量和法向量的结构体：

struct TVertex {
	// position
	glm::vec3 Position;
	// normal
	glm::vec3 Normal;
};

3.计算圆周上的点

const int sectorCount = 36; 
const float pierRadius = 2.0f;
const float pierHeight = 5.0f;
// 圆周顶点
std::vector<TVertex> getUnitCircleVertices()
{
	const float PI = 3.1415926f;
	float sectorStep = 2 * PI / sectorCount;
	float sectorAngle = 0.0f;

	glm::vec3 position;
	glm::vec3 normal;
	TVertex tVertex;

	std::vector<TVertex> unitCircleVertices;
	for (int i = 0; i <= sectorCount; ++i)
	{
		sectorAngle = i * sectorStep;
		position.x = pierRadius * cos(sectorAngle);
		position.y = 0.0f;
		position.z = pierRadius * sin(sectorAngle);

		normal.x = cos(sectorAngle);
		normal.y = 0.0f;
		normal.z = sin(sectorAngle);

		tVertex.Position = position;
		tVertex.Normal = normal;

		unitCircleVertices.push_back(tVertex);
	}

	return unitCircleVertices;
}

4.获取圆柱体侧面、顶面、底面的顶点和法向量

// generate vertices for a cylinder
void buildCylinderVertices(std::vector<TVertex>& vertices)
{
	std::vector<TVertex> unitVertices = getUnitCircleVertices();

	// 获取上、下圆周点数组
	std::vector<TVertex> vctTop;
	std::vector<TVertex> vctBot;

	TVertex tVertex;
	for(int i = 0; i < unitVertices.size(); ++i)
	{
		tVertex.Position = unitVertices[i].Position;
		tVertex.Position.y = pierHeight;
		tVertex.Normal = unitVertices[i].Normal;
		vctTop.push_back(tVertex);  

		tVertex.Position.y = 0.0f;
		vctBot.push_back(tVertex);     
	}

	assert(vctTop.size() >= 2);
	assert(vctBot.size() >= 2);

	// 圆柱侧面
	for(int i = 0; i < vctTop.size() - 1; ++i)
	{
		// 左三角形
		vertices.push_back(vctTop[i]);
		vertices.push_back(vctBot[i]);
		vertices.push_back(vctBot[i+1]);
		
		// 右三角形
		vertices.push_back(vctTop[i]);
		vertices.push_back(vctTop[i+1]);
		vertices.push_back(vctBot[i+1]);
	}
	
	// 顶部圆形
	glm::vec3 position;
	for (int i = 0; i < vctTop.size() - 1; ++i)
	{
		glm::vec3 position(0.0f, pierHeight, 0.0f);
		glm::vec3 normal(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
		tVertex.Position = position;
		tVertex.Normal = normal;
		vertices.push_back(tVertex);

		tVertex.Position = vctTop[i].Position;
		vertices.push_back(tVertex);

		tVertex.Position = vctTop[i+1].Position;
		vertices.push_back(tVertex);
	}

	// 底部圆形
	for (int i = 0; i < vctBot.size() - 1; ++i)
	{
		glm::vec3 position(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
		glm::vec3 normal(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
		tVertex.Position = position;
		tVertex.Normal = normal;
		vertices.push_back(tVertex);

		tVertex.Position = vctBot[i].Position;
		vertices.push_back(tVertex);

		tVertex.Position = vctBot[i+1].Position;
		vertices.push_back(tVertex);
	}
}

5.将顶点和法向量存入缓冲区

  std::vector<TVertex> pierVertices;
  buildCylinderVertices(pierVertices);
  
  unsigned int pierVBO, pierVAO;
  glGenVertexArrays(1, &pierVAO);
  glGenBuffers(1, &pierVBO);

  glBindVertexArray(pierVAO);
  glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, pierVBO);

  glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, pierVertices.size() * sizeof(TVertex), &pierVertices[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
  
  // position attribute
  glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
  glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(TVertex), (void*)0);
  // normal attribute
  glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
  glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(TVertex), (void*)offsetof(TVertex, Normal));

  glBindVertexArray(0);

6.绘制圆柱体

		glClearColor(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); 

		// be sure to activate shader when setting uniforms/drawing objects
		lightingShader.use();
		lightingShader.setVec3("lightDirection", -direction); // 平行光方向
		//lightingShader.setVec3("lightPos", lightPos);
		lightingShader.setVec3("lightColor", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
		lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position);	

		// 正交平行的视景体
		float fRatio = (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT;
		float fHeight = 10.0f;
		float fWidth = fHeight*fRatio;
		//glm::mat4 projection = glm::ortho(-fWidth, fWidth, -fHeight, fHeight, -10.f, 100.f);
		glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f); // 透视投影		
		lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);

		glm::mat4 viewOrigin = camera.GetViewMatrix();
		lightingShader.setMat4("view", viewOrigin);

		// 绘制圆柱体
		viewOrigin = glm::rotate(viewOrigin, glm::radians(30.0f), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
		viewOrigin = glm::rotate(viewOrigin, glm::radians(15.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f));
		lightingShader.setMat4("view", viewOrigin);
		glm::mat4 modelPier = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		lightingShader.setMat4("model", modelPier);
		lightingShader.setVec3("objectColor", glm::vec3(0.5f, 0.1f,0.3f));

		glBindVertexArray(pierVAO);
		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, pierVertices.size());

7.删除缓冲区

	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &pierVAO);
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &pierVBO);

8.效果

原文地址：
http://liyanliang.net/index.php/2021/06/29/modern-opengl-drawcylinder/

9.完整的项目源代码

https://pan.baidu.com/s/1cEUuAmY3JNUbt7sTNvTuyA

提取码：lf5q