OpenGL绘制桥梁模型

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最新推荐文章于 2024-02-20 23:06:29 发布

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分类专栏：计算机图形学文章标签： OpenGL

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40416052/article/details/118360402

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本文主要讲述如何使用现代OpenGL绘制一个完整的桥梁模型，包括箱梁、盖梁和桥墩，关于OpenGL方面，主要添加的shader，使用phong光照模型实现。

一、绘制箱梁

1.1 箱梁的的截面和坐标系

截面：

坐标系：

1.2 箱梁的顶点及其法向量

	float vertices[] = {
		//
		//前视图
		// 左翼缘
		// positions          // normals 
		-1.0f, 0.3f, 30.1f,    0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-1.0f, 0.2f, 30.1f,    0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.5f, 0.3f, 30.1f,    0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		-1.0f, 0.2f, 30.1f,    0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.5f, 0.1f, 30.1f,	  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.5f, 0.3f, 30.1f,	  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		// 左矩形
		-0.5f, 0.3f,   30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.3f,  30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.35f, -0.3f, 30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		-0.5f, 0.3f,   30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.35f, -0.3f, 30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.35f, 0.3f,  30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		// 上矩形
		-0.35f, 0.3f, 30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.35f, 0.2f, 30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.0f, 0.3f,  30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		-0.35f, 0.2f, 30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.0f, 0.3f,  30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.0f, 0.2f,  30.1f,	  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		// 下矩形
		-0.35f, -0.3f, 30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.35f, -0.2f, 30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.0f, -0.3f,  30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		-0.35f, -0.2f, 30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.0f, -0.3f,  30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.0f, -0.2f,  30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		// 左上倒角
		-0.35f, 0.2f,  30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.35f, 0.15f, 30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.25f, 0.2f,  30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		// 左下倒角
		-0.35f, -0.2f,  30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.35f, -0.15f, 30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.25f, -0.2f,  30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
			//对称 右边
			//右翼缘
		1.0f, 0.3f, 30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		1.0f, 0.2f, 30.1f, 	0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.5f, 0.3f, 30.1f, 	0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		1.0f, 0.2f, 30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.5f, 0.1f, 30.1f,	0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.5f, 0.3f, 30.1f,	0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		// 右矩形
		0.5f, 0.3f,   30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.5f, -0.3f,  30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.35f, -0.3f, 30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		0.5f, 0.3f,   30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.35f, -0.3f, 30.1f,	0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.35f, 0.3f,  30.1f,	0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		// 上矩形
		0.35f, 0.3f, 30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.35f, 0.2f, 30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.0f, 0.3f,  30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		0.35f, 0.2f, 30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.0f, 0.3f,  30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.0f, 0.2f,  30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		// 下矩形
		0.35f, -0.3f, 30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.35f, -0.2f, 30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.0f, -0.3f,  30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		0.35f, -0.2f, 30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.0f, -0.3f,  30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.0f, -0.2f,  30.1f,	0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		// 右上倒角
		0.35f, 0.2f,  30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.35f, 0.15f, 30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.25f, 0.2f,  30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		// 右下倒角
		0.35f, -0.2f,  30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.35f, -0.15f, 30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.25f, -0.2f,  30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	
		//
		//后视图
		// 左翼缘
		-1.0f, 0.3f, -30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-1.0f, 0.2f, -30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.5f, 0.3f, -30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		-1.0f, 0.2f, -30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.5f, 0.1f, -30.1f,	0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.5f, 0.3f, -30.1f,	0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		// 左矩形
		-0.5f, 0.3f,   -30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.3f,  -30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.35f, -0.3f, -30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		-0.5f, 0.3f,   -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.35f, -0.3f, -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.35f, 0.3f,  -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		// 上矩形
		-0.35f, 0.3f, -30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.35f, 0.2f, -30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.0f, 0.3f,  -30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		-0.35f, 0.2f, -30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.0f, 0.3f,  -30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.0f, 0.2f,  -30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		// 下矩形
		-0.35f, -0.3f, -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.35f, -0.2f, -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.0f, -0.3f,  -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		-0.35f, -0.2f, -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.0f, -0.3f,  -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.0f, -0.2f,  -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		// 左上倒角
		-0.35f, 0.2f,  -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.35f, 0.15f, -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.25f, 0.2f,  -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		// 左下倒角
		-0.35f, -0.2f,  -30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.35f, -0.15f, -30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.25f, -0.2f,  -30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		//对称 右边
		//右翼缘
		1.0f, 0.3f, -30.1f,    0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		1.0f, 0.2f, -30.1f, 	  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.5f, 0.3f, -30.1f, 	  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		1.0f, 0.2f, -30.1f,    0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.5f, 0.1f, -30.1f,	  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.5f, 0.3f, -30.1f,	  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		// 右矩形
		0.5f, 0.3f,   -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.5f, -0.3f,  -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.35f, -0.3f, -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		0.5f, 0.3f,   -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.35f, -0.3f, -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.35f, 0.3f,  -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		// 上矩形
		0.35f, 0.3f, -30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.35f, 0.2f, -30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.0f, 0.3f,  -30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		0.35f, 0.2f, -30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.0f, 0.3f,  -30.1f,   0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.0f, 0.2f,  -30.1f,	  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		// 下矩形
		0.35f, -0.3f, -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.35f, -0.2f, -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.0f, -0.3f,  -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		0.35f, -0.2f, -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.0f, -0.3f,  -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.0f, -0.2f,  -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		// 右上倒角
		0.35f, 0.2f,  -30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.35f, 0.15f, -30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.25f, 0.2f,  -30.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
	
		// 右下倒角
		0.35f, -0.2f,  -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.35f, -0.15f, -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.25f, -0.2f,  -30.1f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,

		//
		//左视图
		// 上矩形
		-1.0f, 0.3f, -30.1f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-1.0f, 0.2f, -30.1f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-1.0f, 0.3f,  30.1f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		-1.0f, 0.2f, -30.1f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-1.0f, 0.3f,  30.1f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-1.0f, 0.2f,  30.1f,	 -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		// 左翼缘斜面 
		-1.0f, 0.2f, -30.1f,  -0.196116135f, -0.980580688f, -0.0f,
		-0.5f, 0.1f, -30.1f,  -0.196116135f, -0.980580688f, -0.0f,
		-1.0f, 0.2f,  30.1f,  -0.196116135f, -0.980580688f, -0.0f,
		
		-0.5f, 0.1f, -30.1f,  -0.196116135f, -0.980580688f, -0.0f,
		-1.0f, 0.2f,  30.1f,  -0.196116135f, -0.980580688f, -0.0f,
		-0.5f, 0.1f,  30.1f,  -0.196116135f, -0.980580688f, -0.0f,

		// 下矩形
		-0.5f, 0.1f, -30.1f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.3f, -30.1f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f, 0.1f,  30.1f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		
		-0.5f, -0.3f, -30.1f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f, 0.1f,  30.1f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.3f, 30.1f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		//
		//右视图
		// 上矩形
		1.0f, 0.3f, -30.1f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		1.0f, 0.2f, -30.1f, 	1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		1.0f, 0.3f,  30.1f, 	1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		1.0f, 0.2f, -30.1f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		1.0f, 0.3f,  30.1f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		1.0f, 0.2f,  30.1f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		// 右翼缘斜面
		1.0f, 0.2f, -30.1f, 0.196116135f, -0.980580688f, 0.0f,
		0.5f, 0.1f, -30.1f, 0.196116135f, -0.980580688f, 0.0f,
		1.0f, 0.2f,  30.1f, 0.196116135f, -0.980580688f, 0.0f,

		0.5f, 0.1f, -30.1f, 0.196116135f, -0.980580688f, 0.0f,
		1.0f, 0.2f,  30.1f, 0.196116135f, -0.980580688f, 0.0f,
		0.5f, 0.1f,  30.1f, 0.196116135f, -0.980580688f, 0.0f,

		// 下矩形
		0.5f, 0.1f, -30.1f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f, -0.3f, -30.1f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f, 0.1f,  30.1f, 	1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		0.5f, -0.3f, -30.1f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f, 0.1f,  30.1f, 	1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f, -0.3f, 30.1f, 	1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		//
		//附视图
		-1.0f, 0.3f, -30.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		-1.0f, 0.3f,  30.1f,	0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		1.0f, 0.3f, -30.1f, 	0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,

		-1.0f, 0.3f,  30.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		1.0f, 0.3f, -30.1f, 	0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		1.0f, 0.3f, 30.1f, 	0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,

		//
		//底视图
		-0.5f, -0.3f, -30.1f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.3f,  30.1f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f, -0.3f, -30.1f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,

		-0.5f, -0.3f,  30.1f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f, -0.3f, -30.1f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f, -0.3f, 30.1f, 	 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,

		//
		// 内侧平面

		//
		// 内-左半部分

		// 左矩形
		-0.35f, 0.15f, 30.1f,    1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.35f, -0.15f, 30.1f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.35f, -0.15f, -30.1f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		-0.35f, 0.15f, 30.1f,    1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.35f, -0.15f, -30.1f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.35f, 0.15f, -30.1f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		// 上矩形
		-0.25f, 0.2f, 30.1f,    0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.0f, 0.2f,  30.1f,    0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.0f, 0.2f, -30.1f,    0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,

		 -0.25f, 0.2f, 30.1f,    0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		  0.0f, 0.2f, -30.1f,    0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		 -0.25f, 0.2f, -30.1f,   0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,

		 // 下矩形
		 -0.25f, -0.2f, 30.1f,    0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.0f,  -0.2f,  30.1f,    0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.0f,  -0.2f, -30.1f,    0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,

		 -0.25f, -0.2f, 30.1f,    0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		  0.0f,  -0.2f, -30.1f,   0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		 -0.25f, -0.2f, -30.1f,   0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,

		 // 左上斜面 
		 -0.35f, 0.15f, 30.1f,    0.447213620f, -0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 -0.25f, 0.2f,  30.1f,    0.447213620f, -0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 -0.25f, 0.2f, -30.1f,    0.447213620f, -0.894427240f, 0.0f,

		 -0.35f, 0.15f, 30.1f,    0.447213620f, -0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 -0.25f, 0.2f, -30.1f,    0.447213620f, -0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 -0.35f, 0.15f, -30.1f,   0.447213620f, -0.894427240f, 0.0f,

		 // 左下斜面  
		 -0.35f, -0.15f, 30.1f,     0.447213620f, 0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 -0.25f, -0.2f,  30.1f,     0.447213620f, 0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 -0.25f, -0.2f, -30.1f,     0.447213620f, 0.894427240f, 0.0f,

		 -0.35f, -0.15f, 30.1f,    0.447213620f, 0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 -0.25f, -0.2f, -30.1f,    0.447213620f, 0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 -0.35f, -0.15f, -30.1f,   0.447213620f, 0.894427240f, 0.0f,

		 //
		 // 内-右半部分

		 // 右矩形
		 0.35f, 0.15f, 30.1f,    -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.35f, -0.15f, 30.1f,   -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.35f, -0.15f, -30.1f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		 0.35f, 0.15f, 30.1f,    -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.35f, -0.15f, -30.1f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.35f, 0.15f, -30.1f,   -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		 // 上矩形
		 0.25f, 0.2f, 30.1f,    0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.0f, 0.2f,  30.1f,    0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.0f, 0.2f, -30.1f,    0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,

		 0.25f, 0.2f, 30.1f,    0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.0f, 0.2f, -30.1f,    0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.25f, 0.2f, -30.1f,   0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,

		 // 下矩形
		 0.25f, -0.2f, 30.1f,    0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.0f,  -0.2f,  30.1f,    0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.0f,  -0.2f, -30.1f,    0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,

		 0.25f, -0.2f, 30.1f,    0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.0f,  -0.2f, -30.1f,   0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		 0.25f, -0.2f, -30.1f,   0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,

		 // 右上斜面 
		 0.35f, 0.15f, 30.1f,    -0.447213620f, -0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 0.25f, 0.2f,  30.1f,    -0.447213620f, -0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 0.25f, 0.2f, -30.1f,    -0.447213620f, -0.894427240f, 0.0f,

		 0.35f, 0.15f, 30.1f,    -0.447213620f, -0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 0.25f, 0.2f, -30.1f,    -0.447213620f, -0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 0.35f, 0.15f, -30.1f,   -0.447213620f, -0.894427240f, 0.0f,

		 // 右下斜面  
		 0.35f, -0.15f, 30.1f,    -0.447213620f, 0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 0.25f, -0.2f,  30.1f,    -0.447213620f, 0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 0.25f, -0.2f, -30.1f,    -0.447213620f, 0.894427240f, 0.0f,

		 0.35f, -0.15f, 30.1f,   -0.447213620f, 0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 0.25f, -0.2f, -30.1f,   -0.447213620f, 0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		 0.35f, -0.15f, -30.1f,  -0.447213620f, 0.894427240f, 0.0f,
		

	};

1.3箱梁的VAO、VBO

	unsigned int VBO, VAO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	glBindVertexArray(VAO);

	// position attribute
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	// normal attribute
	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);


	// 单片箱梁的位置
	glm::vec3 beamPosition[] = {
		glm::vec3( 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f),
		glm::vec3( 2.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f),
		glm::vec3( 4.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f),
		glm::vec3( 6.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f),
	};

	// 单片箱梁的颜色
	glm::vec3 modelColor[] = {
		glm::vec3( 1.0f,  0.75f, 0.51f),
		glm::vec3( 1.0f,  0.75f, 0.51f),
		glm::vec3( 1.0f,  0.75f, 0.51f),
		glm::vec3( 1.0f,  0.75f, 0.51f),
	};

1.4绘制箱梁

		glm::mat4 viewOrigin = camera.GetViewMatrix();
		lightingShader.setMat4("view", viewOrigin);

		// 绘制箱梁
		int nPntCount = sizeof(vertices)/sizeof(float) / 2 / 3;
		int nBeamCount = sizeof(beamPosition) / sizeof(glm::vec3);
		// 复制箱梁
		for (int i = 0; i < nBeamCount; ++i)
		{
			glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0);

			//移动
			model = glm::translate(model, beamPosition[i]);
			lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);

			//颜色
			lightingShader.setVec3("objectColor", modelColor[i]);
			glBindVertexArray(VAO);
			glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, nPntCount);
		}

二、绘制盖梁

2.1盖梁的顶点及其法向量

	float capBeamVertices[] = {
		//
		// 前视图
		// 左梯形
		// positions          // normals 
		-0.5f, -0.3f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.2f, -0.3f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.2f, -0.7f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.2f, -0.3f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

		// 矩形
		-0.2f, -0.3f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.2f, -0.7f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		 6.2f, -0.3f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

		-0.2f, -0.7f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		 6.2f, -0.3f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		 6.2f, -0.7f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

		//右半部分
		// 右梯形
		// positions          // normals 
		6.5f, -0.3f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		6.5f, -0.5f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		6.2f, -0.3f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

		6.5f, -0.5f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		6.2f, -0.3f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		6.2f, -0.7f, 0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

		
		// 后视图
		// 左梯形
		// positions          // normals 
		-0.5f, -0.3f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.2f, -0.3f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

		-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.2f, -0.7f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.2f, -0.3f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

		// 矩形
		-0.2f, -0.3f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.2f, -0.7f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		 6.2f, -0.3f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

		-0.2f, -0.7f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		 6.2f, -0.3f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		 6.2f, -0.7f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

		//右半部分
		// 右梯形
		// positions          // normals 
		6.5f, -0.3f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		6.5f, -0.5f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		6.2f, -0.3f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

		6.5f, -0.5f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		6.2f, -0.3f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
		6.2f, -0.7f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

		//
		//顶视图
		// positions          // normals 
		-0.5f, -0.3f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.3f,  0.31f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		 6.5f, -0.3f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,

		-0.5f, -0.3f,  0.31f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		 6.5f, -0.3f, -0.31f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		 6.5f, -0.3f,  0.31f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,

		//
		// 底视图
		// 矩形
		-0.2f, -0.7f,  -0.31f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.2f, -0.7f,   0.31f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		 6.2f, -0.7f,  -0.31f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,

		-0.2f, -0.7f,   0.31f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		 6.2f, -0.7f,  -0.31f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
		 6.2f, -0.7f,   0.31f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,

		//
		// 左视图
		// 上矩形
		-0.5f,  -0.3f,  -0.31f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f,  -0.5f,  -0.31f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f,  -0.3f,   0.31f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		-0.5f,  -0.5f,  -0.31f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f,  -0.3f,   0.31f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f,  -0.5f,   0.31f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		// 下斜面 
		-0.5f,  -0.5f,  -0.31f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.2f,  -0.7f,  -0.31f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f,  -0.5f,   0.31f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		-0.2f,  -0.7f,  -0.31f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f,  -0.5f,   0.31f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.2f,  -0.7f,   0.31f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		//
		// 右视图
		// 上矩形
		6.5f,  -0.3f,  -0.31f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		6.5f,  -0.5f,  -0.31f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		6.5f,  -0.5f,   0.31f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		6.5f,  -0.3f,  -0.31f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		6.5f,  -0.5f,   0.31f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		6.5f,  -0.3f,   0.31f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		// 下斜面
		6.5f,  -0.5f,  -0.31f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		6.2f,  -0.7f,  -0.31f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		6.5f,  -0.5f,   0.31f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

		6.2f,  -0.7f,  -0.31f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		6.5f,  -0.5f,   0.31f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		6.2f,  -0.7f,   0.31f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

	};

2.2盖梁的VAO、VBO

	unsigned int capVBO, capVAO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &capVAO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &capVBO);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, capVBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(capBeamVertices), capBeamVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	glBindVertexArray(capVAO);

	// position attribute
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	// normal attribute
	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);


	// 单片箱梁的位置
	glm::vec3 capPosition[] = {
		glm::vec3( 0.0f,  0.0f,   capSpace/2.0f),  // 前一
		glm::vec3( 0.0f,  0.0f,  -capSpace/2.0f),  // 后一

		glm::vec3( 0.0f,  0.0f,   capSpace/2.0f + capSpace),   // 前二
		glm::vec3( 0.0f,  0.0f,  -(capSpace/2.0f + capSpace)), // 后二
	};

	// 单片箱梁的颜色
	glm::vec3 capColor[] = {
		glm::vec3(  1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f),
		glm::vec3(  1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f),
		glm::vec3(  1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f),
		glm::vec3(  1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f),
	};

2.3绘制盖梁

		int capCount = sizeof(capPosition) / sizeof(glm::vec3);
		int nCapPtCount = sizeof(capBeamVertices)/sizeof(float) / 2 / 3;
		for (int iCap = 0; iCap < capCount; ++iCap)
		{
			glm::mat4 modelCap = glm::mat4(1.0);
			modelCap = glm::translate(modelCap, capPosition[iCap]);
			lightingShader.setMat4("model", modelCap);

			lightingShader.setVec3("objectColor", capColor[iCap]);
			glBindVertexArray(capVAO);
			glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, nCapPtCount);
		}

三、绘制桥墩

3.1计算圆周上的点和法向量

struct TVertex {
	// position
	glm::vec3 Position;
	// normal
	glm::vec3 Normal;
};

std::vector<TVertex> getUnitCircleVertices()
{
	const float PI = 3.1415926f;
	float sectorStep = 2 * PI / sectorCount;
	float sectorAngle = 0.0f;

	glm::vec3 position;
	glm::vec3 normal;
	TVertex tVertex;

	std::vector<TVertex> unitCircleVertices;
	for (int i = 0; i <= sectorCount; ++i)
	{
		sectorAngle = i * sectorStep;
		position.x = pierRadius * cos(sectorAngle);
		position.y = 0.0f;
		position.z = pierRadius * sin(sectorAngle);

		normal.x = cos(sectorAngle);
		normal.y = 0.0f;
		normal.z = sin(sectorAngle);

		tVertex.Position = position;
		tVertex.Normal = normal;

		unitCircleVertices.push_back(tVertex);
	}

	return unitCircleVertices;
}

3.2计算圆柱side和上圆形和下圆形

// generate vertices for a cylinder
void buildCylinderVertices(std::vector<TVertex>& vertices)
{
	std::vector<TVertex> unitVertices = getUnitCircleVertices();

	// 获取上、下圆周点数组
	std::vector<TVertex> vctTop;
	std::vector<TVertex> vctBot;

	TVertex tVertex;
	for(int i = 0; i < unitVertices.size(); ++i)
	{
		tVertex.Position = unitVertices[i].Position;
		tVertex.Position.y = pierHeight;
		tVertex.Normal = unitVertices[i].Normal;
		vctTop.push_back(tVertex);  

		tVertex.Position.y = 0.0f;
		vctBot.push_back(tVertex);     
	}

	assert(vctTop.size() >= 2);
	assert(vctBot.size() >= 2);

	// put side vertices to arrays
	for(int i = 0; i < vctTop.size() - 1; ++i)
	{
		// 左三角形
		vertices.push_back(vctTop[i]);
		vertices.push_back(vctBot[i]);
		vertices.push_back(vctBot[i+1]);
		
		// 右三角形
		vertices.push_back(vctTop[i]);
		vertices.push_back(vctTop[i+1]);
		vertices.push_back(vctBot[i+1]);
	}
	
	// 顶部圆形
	glm::vec3 position;
	for (int i = 0; i < vctTop.size() - 1; ++i)
	{
		glm::vec3 position(0.0f, pierHeight, 0.0f);
		glm::vec3 normal(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
		tVertex.Position = position;
		tVertex.Normal = normal;
		vertices.push_back(tVertex);

		tVertex.Position = vctTop[i].Position;
		vertices.push_back(tVertex);

		tVertex.Position = vctTop[i+1].Position;
		vertices.push_back(tVertex);
	}

	// 底部圆形
	for (int i = 0; i < vctBot.size() - 1; ++i)
	{
		glm::vec3 position(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
		glm::vec3 normal(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
		tVertex.Position = position;
		tVertex.Normal = normal;
		vertices.push_back(tVertex);

		tVertex.Position = vctBot[i].Position;
		vertices.push_back(tVertex);

		tVertex.Position = vctBot[i+1].Position;
		vertices.push_back(tVertex);
	}
}

3.3桥墩的VAO、VBO

  std::vector<TVertex> pierVertices;
  buildCylinderVertices(pierVertices);
  
  unsigned int pierVBO, pierVAO;
  glGenVertexArrays(1, &pierVAO);
  glGenBuffers(1, &pierVBO);

  glBindVertexArray(pierVAO);
  glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, pierVBO);

  glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, pierVertices.size() * sizeof(TVertex), &pierVertices[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
  
  // position attribute
  glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
  glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(TVertex), (void*)0);
  // normal attribute
  glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
  glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(TVertex), (void*)offsetof(TVertex, Normal));

  glBindVertexArray(0);

  // 单个桥墩的位置
  float pierPosY = -(pierHeight + 0.7f);
  float pierPosLx = -0.2f + pierRadius + 1.0f;
  float pierPosRx = 6.2f - pierRadius - 1.0f;
  glm::vec3 pierPosition[] = {
	  // 前一
	  glm::vec3( pierPosLx,  pierPosY,   capSpace / 2.0f),
	  glm::vec3( pierPosRx,  pierPosY,   capSpace / 2.0f),

	  // 后一
	  glm::vec3( pierPosLx,  pierPosY,  -capSpace / 2.0f),
	  glm::vec3( pierPosRx,  pierPosY,  -capSpace / 2.0f),

	  // 前二
	  glm::vec3( pierPosLx,  pierPosY,   capSpace / 2.0f + capSpace),
	  glm::vec3( pierPosRx,  pierPosY,   capSpace / 2.0f + capSpace),

	  // 后二
	  glm::vec3( pierPosLx,  pierPosY,  -(capSpace / 2.0f + capSpace)),
	  glm::vec3( pierPosRx,  pierPosY,  -(capSpace / 2.0f + capSpace)),
  };

  // 单个桥墩的颜色
  glm::vec3 pierColor[] = {
	  glm::vec3(  0.5f, 0.7f, 0.7f),
	  glm::vec3(  0.5f, 0.7f, 0.7f),

	  glm::vec3(  0.5f, 0.7f, 0.7f),
	  glm::vec3(  0.5f, 0.7f, 0.7f),

	  glm::vec3(  0.5f, 0.7f, 0.7f),
	  glm::vec3(  0.5f, 0.7f, 0.7f),

	  glm::vec3(  0.5f, 0.7f, 0.7f),
	  glm::vec3(  0.5f, 0.7f, 0.7f),
  };

3.4绘制桥墩

		int pierCount = sizeof(pierPosition) / sizeof(glm::vec3);
		for (int iPier = 0; iPier < pierCount; ++iPier)
		{
			lightingShader.setMat4("view", viewOrigin);
			glm::mat4 modelPier = glm::mat4(1.0f);
			modelPier = glm::translate(modelPier, pierPosition[iPier]);
			lightingShader.setMat4("model", modelPier);
			lightingShader.setVec3("objectColor", pierColor[iPier]);

			glBindVertexArray(pierVAO);
			glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, pierVertices.size());
		}

四、着色器
4.1顶点着色器

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 aNormal;

out vec3 FragPos;
out vec3 Normal;

uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;

void main()
{
    FragPos = vec3(model * vec4(aPos, 1.0));
    Normal = mat3(transpose(inverse(model))) * aNormal;  
    
    gl_Position = projection * view * vec4(FragPos, 1.0);
}

4.2片段着色器

#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;

in vec3 Normal;  
in vec3 FragPos;  
  
uniform vec3 lightPos; 
uniform vec3 lightDirection; 
uniform vec3 viewPos; 
uniform vec3 lightColor;
uniform vec3 objectColor;

void main()
{
    // ambient
    float ambientStrength = 0.1;
    vec3 ambient = ambientStrength * lightColor;
  	
    // diffuse 
    vec3 norm = normalize(Normal);
    //vec3 lightDir = normalize(lightPos - FragPos);
	vec3 lightDir = normalize(-lightDirection);
    float diff = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0);
    vec3 diffuse = diff * lightColor;
    
    // specular
    float specularStrength = 0.5;
    vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);
    vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, norm);  
    float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), 32);
    vec3 specular = specularStrength * spec * lightColor;  
        
    vec3 result = (ambient + diffuse + specular) * objectColor;
    FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
}

五、项目源代码

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1EA2wd_Rooj-748uKAUugAw
提取码：3d51

原文地址：
http://liyanliang.net/index.php/2021/06/30/opengldarwcivilmodel/

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