内容极大部分参考了Huo的藏经阁的此链接的博客。
源码是 startup_stm32f40_41xxx.s
; SieYuan Copy!
;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2014 STMicroelectronics ********************
;* File Name : startup_stm32f40_41xxx.s
;* Author : MCD Application Team
;* @version : V1.4.0
;* @date : 04-August-2014
;* Description : STM32F40xxx/41xxx devices vector table for MDK-ARM toolchain.
;* This module performs:
;* - Set the initial SP
;* - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler
;* - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address
;* - Configure the system clock and the external SRAM mounted on
;* STM324xG-EVAL board to be used as data memory (optional,
;* to be enabled by user)
;* - Branches to __main in the C library (which eventually
;* calls main()).
;* After Reset the CortexM4 processor is in Thread mode,
;* priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
;* <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>>
;*******************************************************************************
;
; Licensed under MCD-ST Liberty SW License Agreement V2, (the "License");
; You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
; You may obtain a copy of the License at:
;
; http://www.st.com/software_license_agreement_liberty_v2
;
; Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
; distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
; WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
; See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
; limitations under the License.
;
;*******************************************************************************
; 自编注释：
; 启动文件工作
; 1. 初始化堆栈空间
; 2. PC指针 Reset_Handler
; 3. 初始化中断向量表
; 4. 系统时钟
; 5. 堆栈初始化完成之后，进入main函数
; 1.(1) 初始化 栈 空间
; Amount of memory (in bytes) allocated for Stack
; Tailor this value to your application needs
; <h> Stack Configuration
; <o> Stack Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>
Stack_Size EQU 0x00000400 ; EQU - equation 赋值伪指令, 0x00000400 - 1KB 栈空间
; AREA - 定义伪一个代码段或数据段，格式：AREA sectionname {,arr} {,arr}
AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
; 定义数据段名为 STACK；NOINIT指定数据段仅保留内存单元；READWRITE表示为该数据段可写
; 可读；ALIGN表示字节对齐，2的3次方=8，8字节对齐
Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size
; Stack_Mem 栈空间的开辟
; SPACE - 申请一块内存单元，大小为 Stack_Size
__initial_sp
; 表示申请内存的结束地址，即栈顶位置。
; 1.(2) 初始化 堆 空间
; <h> Heap Configuration
; <o> Heap Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>
Heap_Size EQU 0x00000200
AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
; 定义数据段名为 HEAP；NOINIT指定数据段仅保留内存单元；READWRITE表示为该数据段可写
; 可读；ALIGN表示字节对齐，2的3次方=8，8字节对齐
__heap_base
Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size
__heap_limit
; Heap_Mem 堆空间的开辟
; __heap_base 在 SPACE 之前，堆空间是向上增长的，__heap_base 指向堆的地址
; __heap_limit 为堆的结束地址
PRESERVE8 ; 当前代码中数据段是8字节对齐
THUMB ; 兼容THUMB指令集，是堆ARM指令集的一个子集，指令长度为16位
; 3. 中断向量表初始化
; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY
; 定义数据段名为 RESET，DATA=数据段，仅为可读
EXPORT __Vectors ; 中断向量表首地址
EXPORT __Vectors_End ; 中断向量表尾地址
EXPORT __Vectors_Size ; 中断向量表大小
; EXPORT - 声明一个标号，这个标号可以被外部的文件使用，使标号具有全局属性
__Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; Top of Stack
; DCD - 分配一个或多个以字为单位的内存，以4字节对齐，并要求初始化这些内存
DCD Reset_Handler ; Reset Handler
DCD NMI_Handler ; NMI Handler, Non-maskable interrupt - 不可屏蔽中断
DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault Handler, 内存溢出、访问越界、堆栈溢出
DCD MemMange_Handler ; MPU Fault Handler, 访问了内存管理单元定义的不合法的内存区域，如向只读区域写入数据
DCD BusFault_Handler ; Bus Fault Handler
DCD UsageFault_Handler ; Usage Fault Handler, 检测到未定义指令或存取内存时有未对齐，还可检测到除数为0和未对齐内存访问
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler, 用于产生系统函数的调用请求，“立即执行”，涉及操作系统（不允许用户程序直接访问硬件）
DCD DebugMon_Handler ; Debug Monitor Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD PendSV_Handler ; PendSV Handler, 用于不同任务之间切换，“可挂起，缓期执行”，涉及操作系统
DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick Handler, 系统滴答定时器中断，给系统提供一个时基，心跳节奏
; External Interrupts
DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window WatchDog, 窗口看门狗中断
DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD throught EXTI Line detection, PVD - Programmable Votage Detector 可编程电压监测器，用于监视供电电压
DCD TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler ; Tamper and TimeStamps through the EXTI Line
DCD RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler ; RTC Wakeup through the EXTI Line
DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; FLASH
DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC
DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line0
DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line1
DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line2
DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line3
DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line4
DCD DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 0
DCD DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 1
DCD DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 2
DCD DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 3
DCD DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 4
DCD DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 5
DCD DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 6
DCD ADC_IRQHandler ; ADC1, ADC2 and ADC3
DCD CAN1_TX_IRQHandler ; CAN1 - TX
DCD CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; CAN1 - RX0
DCD CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN1 - RX1
DCD CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN1 - SCE
DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHadnler ; External Line[9:5]
DCD TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break and TIM9
DCD TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Update and TIM10
DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation and TIM11
DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare
DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2
DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM3
DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ; TIM4
DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Event
DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Error
DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Event
DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Error
DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1
DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2
DCD USART1_IRQHandler ; USART1
DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2
DCD USART3_IRQHandler ; USART3
DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ; External Line[15:10]
DCD RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler ; RTC Alarm (A and B) through EXTI Line
DCD OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler ; USB OTG FS Wakeup through EXTI Line
DCD TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Break and TIM12
DCD TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Update and TIM13
DCD TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation and TIM14
DCD TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Capture Compare
DCD DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 7
DCD FSMC_IRQHandler ; FSMC
DCD SDIO_IRQHandler ; SDIO
DCD TIM5_IRQHandler ; TIM5
DCD SPI3_IRQHandler ; SPI3
DCD UART4_IRQHandler ; UART4
DCD UART5_IRQHandler ; UART5
DCD TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler ; TIM6 and DAC1&2 underrun errors
DCD TIM7_IRQHandler ; TIM7
DCD DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 0
DCD DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 1
DCD DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 2
DCD DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 3
DCD DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 4
DCD ETH_IRQHandler ; Ethernet
DCD ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler ; Ethernet Wakeup through EXTI Line
DCD CAN2_TX_IRQHandler ; CAN2 - TX
DCD CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler ; CAN2 - RX0
DCD CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN2 - RX1
DCD CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN2 - SCE
DCD OTG_FS_IRQHandler ; USB OTG FS
DCD DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 5
DCD DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 6
DCD DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 7
DCD USART6_IRQHandler ; USART6
DCD I2C3_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C3 Event
DCD I2C3_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C3 Error
DCD OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS End Point 1 Out
DCD OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS End Point 1 In
DCD OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS Wakeup through EXTI
DCD OTG_HS_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS
DCD DCMI_IRQHandler ; DCMI
DCD CRYP_IRQHandler ; CRYP crypto
DCD HASH_RNG_IRQHandler ; Hash and Rng
DCD FPU_IRQHandler ; FPU - Floating Point Unit
__Vectors_End
__Vectors_Size EQU __Vector_End - __Vectors
AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY
; 定义数据段名为 |.text|，CODE=代码段，仅为可读
; Reset Handler
Reset_Handler PROC ; PROC - 定义子程序开始处，与ENDP成对出现
EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK]
; [WEAK] 表示弱定义，如果编译器发现在别处定义了同名的函数，则在链接时用别处的地址进行链接，
; 如果其它地方没有定义，编译器也不报错，以此处地址进行链接。
IMPORT SystemInit ; system_stm32f4xx.c -> SystemInit() - 系统时钟初始化
IMPORT __main ; __main 是 main()入口
; IMPORT - 调用外部文件定义的函数
LDR R0, =SystemInit
; LDR{条件} 目的寄存器, 存储器 - 从存储器中的数据送到寄存器，属于ARM指令集
; 即将SystemInit()函数地址加载在R0中
BLX R0
; BLX{条件} 目标地址 - 跳转指令，跳转到目标地址，始终切换处理器工作状态
; 同时将PC当前内容保存到寄存器R14中，返回时将R14值复制给PC。
; 这里就是为了执行 SystemInit()函数，完成系统时钟初始化
; ARM状态：32位，执行字对齐的32位指令
; Thumb状态：16位，执行半字对齐的16位指令
LDR R0, =__main
BX R0
; BX{条件} 目标地址 - 跳转到目标地址，可以切换处理器工作状态
; 依据Rm的位[0]，为1：更改/保持 Thumb 状态；为0，更改/保持 ARM状态
ENDP ; ENDP - 子程序结束
; 我理解的是，最后使用BX就是为了执行时适应不同的系统,这部分不太清楚
; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)
NMI_Handler PROC
EXPORT NMI_Handler [WEAK]
B .
; B . 表示一直在当前指令原地跳转，死循环
ENDP
HardFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT HardFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
MemManage_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT MemManage_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
BusFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT BusFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
UsageFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT UsageFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SVC_Handler PROC
EXPORT SVC_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
DebugMon_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT DebugMon_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
PendSV_Handler PROC
EXPORT PendSV_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
EXPORT SysTick_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
Default_Handler PROC
EXPORT WWDG_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT PVD_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FLASH_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RCC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ADC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_TX_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI9_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI15_10_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FSMC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SDIO_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ETH_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN2_TX_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_FS_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C3_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C3_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_HS_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DCMI_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CRYP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT HASH_RNG_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FPU_IRQHandler [WEAK]
WWDG_IRQHandler
PVD_IRQHandler
TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler
RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler
FLASH_IRQHandler
RCC_IRQHandler
EXTI0_IRQHandler
EXTI1_IRQHandler
EXTI2_IRQHandler
EXTI3_IRQHandler
EXTI4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler
ADC_IRQHandler
CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler
TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler
TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
TIM2_IRQHandler
TIM3_IRQHandler
TIM4_IRQHandler
I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
SPI1_IRQHandler
SPI2_IRQHandler
USART1_IRQHandler
USART2_IRQHandler
USART3_IRQHandler
EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler
OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler
TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler
TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler
TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler
TIM8_CC_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler
FSMC_IRQHandler
SDIO_IRQHandler
TIM5_IRQHandler
SPI3_IRQHandler
UART4_IRQHandler
UART5_IRQHandler
TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler
TIM7_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler
ETH_IRQHandler
ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler
CAN2_TX_IRQHandler
CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler
CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler
CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler
OTG_FS_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler
USART6_IRQHandler
I2C3_EV_IRQHandler
I2C3_ER_IRQHandler
OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler
OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler
OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler
OTG_HS_IRQHandler
DCMI_IRQHandler
CRYP_IRQHandler
HASH_RNG_IRQHandler
FPU_IRQHandler
B .
ENDP
ALIGN
;5. 堆栈初始化
;*******************************************************************************
; User Stack and Heap initialization
;*******************************************************************************
IF :DEF:__MICROLIB
; 是否有 __MICROLIB 宏定义，即设置中的 Use MicroLIB 的勾选项
EXPORT __initial_sp
EXPORT __heap_base
EXPORT __heap_limit
ELSE
IMPORT __use_two_region_memory
EXPORT __user_initial_stackheap
__user_initial_stackheap
LDR R0, = Heap_Mem
LDR R1, = (Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)
LDR R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size)
LDR R3, = Stack_Mem
BX LR
; LR - Link Register, 链接寄存器; 用来保存子程序返回地址，异常发生时可返回异常发生前的位置继续执行
; BX LR, 用于子程序的返回
ALIGN
ENDIF
END
;************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE*****
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