启动文件（startup_stm32f429.xx.s）
- Cortex-M4内核规定，起始地址必须存放栈底指针，所以0x80000000为栈底指针
- 上电或复位后，从0x80000004开始运行，此处为复位中断向量，pc指向复位中断处理函数
- 复位中断处理函数首先给sp堆栈指针寄存器赋值为栈顶（栈顶是从栈底（高地址）开始的）
- 然后搬运data段数据，将bss段数据清0，跳转到c函数
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file startup_stm32f429xx.s
* @author MCD Application Team
* @brief STM32F429xx Devices vector table for GCC based toolchains.
* This module performs:
* - Set the initial SP
* - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler,
* - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address
* - Branches to main in the C library (which eventually
* calls main()).
* After Reset the Cortex-M4 processor is in Thread mode,
* priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* <h2><center>© Copyright (c) 2017 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.</center></h2>
*
* This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
* the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
* opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
*
******************************************************************************
*/
.syntax unified /* 伪指令，指示用什么汇编格式 */
.cpu cortex-m4 /* 伪指令，表示后面用到的CPU平台为cortex-M4 */
.fpu softvfp /* 伪指令，表示浮点运算类型 */
.thumb /* 伪指令，使用thumb模式 */
/* 指示汇编器这是全局符号（symbol），.global使该符号对.ld（连接文件）可见 */
.global g_pfnVectors
.global Default_Handler
/* start address for the initialization values of the .data section.
defined in linker script */
.word _sidata /* .word类似C语言的变量，这里存的是“带初始值的.data段起始地址” */
/* start address for the .data section. defined in linker script */
.word _sdata /* .data段的起始地址 */
/* end address for the .data section. defined in linker script */
.word _edata /* .data段结束地址 */
/* start address for the .bss section. defined in linker script */
.word _sbss /* .bss段的起始地址 */
/* end address for the .bss section. defined in linker script */
.word _ebss /* .bss段的结束地址 */
/* stack used for SystemInit_ExtMemCtl; always internal RAM used */
/**
* @brief This is the code that gets called when the processor first
* starts execution following a reset event. Only the absolutely
* necessary set is performed, after which the application
* supplied main() routine is called.
* @param None
* @retval : None
*/
.section .text.Reset_Handler /* 伪指令，表示之后指令是Reset_Handler段 */
.weak Reset_Handler /* 伪指令，符号不存在，将创建它们；如果C语言定义了，则使用C语言中的函数符号 */
.type Reset_Handler, %function /* 伪指令，表示符号是函数名 */
Reset_Handler:
ldr sp, =_estack /* 从内存中将一个32位的字读取到指令中的目标寄存器中,即将_estack栈顶赋值给SP */
/* Copy the data segment initializers from flash to SRAM */
movs r1, #0 /* r0赋值为0，用于后面搬数据 */
b LoopCopyDataInit /* 跳转去搬data段数据 */
CopyDataInit:
ldr r3, =_sidata /* r3=带初始化值的.data段起始地址*/
ldr r3, [r3, r1] /* 从地址r3+r1处读取一个字(32bit)到r3中 */
str r3, [r0, r1] /* 将r3的值写道r0+r1 */
adds r1, r1, #4 /* r1+=4 */
LoopCopyDataInit:
ldr r0, =_sdata /* data段起始地址 */
ldr r3, =_edata /* data段结束地址 */
adds r2, r0, r1 /* r2=r0+r1 */
cmp r2, r3 /* 计算r2 - r3,若小于0，CPSR标志位为0，反之为1 */
bcc CopyDataInit /* CPSR寄存器条件标志位为0时的跳转 */
ldr r2, =_sbss
b LoopFillZerobss /* 跳转去搬bss段数据，包含未初始化的全局变量和静态变量 */
/* Zero fill the bss segment. */
FillZerobss:
movs r3, #0 /* r3的值赋0 */
str r3, [r2], #4 /* r2+4地址的只为0 */
LoopFillZerobss:
ldr r3, = _ebss
cmp r2, r3
bcc FillZerobss
/* 堆栈指针sp已设置，bss，data段已搬运完成，可以进入c环境了 */
/* Call the clock system intitialization function.*/
bl SystemInit
/* Call static constructors */
bl __libc_init_array /* __libc_init_array指用了C++代码， 在C++中全局变量静态变量的构造函数需要在main函数执行前执行 */
/* bsp初始化 */
bl bsp_init
/* 主函数 */
bl main
/* 开启任务调度 */
bl vTaskStartScheduler
bx lr
.size Reset_Handler, .-Reset_Handler
/**
* @brief This is the code that gets called when the processor receives an
* unexpected interrupt. This simply enters an infinite loop, preserving
* the system state for examination by a debugger.
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
.section .text.Default_Handler,"ax",%progbits /* 伪指令，表示之后是Default_Handler段，用于缺省异常处理 */
Default_Handler:
Infinite_Loop:
b Infinite_Loop /* 进入死循环 */
.size Default_Handler, .-Default_Handler
/******************************************************************************
*
* The minimal vector table for a Cortex M3. Note that the proper constructs
* must be placed on this to ensure that it ends up at physical address
* 0x0000.0000.
*
*******************************************************************************/
.section .isr_vector,"a",%progbits /* 伪指令，表示之后是isr_vector段，即中断向量表 */
.type g_pfnVectors, %object /* 伪指令 */
.size g_pfnVectors, .-g_pfnVectors /* 伪指令 */
g_pfnVectors: /* 这是中断向量表，存在flash的0地址处，映射地址为0x08000000 */
.word _estack /* _estack是栈顶的值，Cortex-M4内核规定，起始地址必须存放堆顶指针 */
.word Reset_Handler /* 复位中断处理函数地址。上电后（上电也是一个复位过程），pc指针指向0x80000004，跳转到复位中断处理函数 */
.word NMI_Handler /* 其他中断处理函数地址，不做解释 */
.word HardFault_Handler
.word MemManage_Handler
.word BusFault_Handler
.word UsageFault_Handler
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word SVC_Handler
.word DebugMon_Handler
.word 0
.word PendSV_Handler
.word SysTick_Handler
/* External Interrupts */
.word WWDG_IRQHandler /* Window WatchDog */
.word PVD_IRQHandler /* PVD through EXTI Line detection */
.word TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler /* Tamper and TimeStamps through the EXTI line */
.word RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler /* RTC Wakeup through the EXTI line */
.word FLASH_IRQHandler /* FLASH */
.word RCC_IRQHandler /* RCC */
.word EXTI0_IRQHandler /* EXTI Line0 */
.word EXTI1_IRQHandler /* EXTI Line1 */
.word EXTI2_IRQHandler /* EXTI Line2 */
.word EXTI3_IRQHandler /* EXTI Line3 */
.word EXTI4_IRQHandler /* EXTI Line4 */
.word DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler /* DMA1 Stream 0 */
.word DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler /* DMA1 Stream 1 */
.word DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler /* DMA1 Stream 2 */
.word DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler /* DMA1 Stream 3 */
.word DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler /* DMA1 Stream 4 */
.word DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler /* DMA1 Stream 5 */
.word DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler /* DMA1 Stream 6 */
.word ADC_IRQHandler /* ADC1, ADC2 and ADC3s */
.word CAN1_TX_IRQHandler /* CAN1 TX */
.word CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler /* CAN1 RX0 */
.word CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler /* CAN1 RX1 */
.word CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler /* CAN1 SCE */
.word EXTI9_5_IRQHandler /* External Line[9:5]s */
.word TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler /* TIM1 Break and TIM9 */
.word TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler /* TIM1 Update and TIM10 */
.word TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler /* TIM1 Trigger and Commutation and TIM11 */
.word TIM1_CC_IRQHandler /* TIM1 Capture Compare */
.word TIM2_IRQHandler /* TIM2 */
.word TIM3_IRQHandler /* TIM3 */
.word TIM4_IRQHandler /* TIM4 */
.word I2C1_EV_IRQHandler /* I2C1 Event */
.word I2C1_ER_IRQHandler /* I2C1 Error */
.word I2C2_EV_IRQHandler /* I2C2 Event */
.word I2C2_ER_IRQHandler /* I2C2 Error */
.word SPI1_IRQHandler /* SPI1 */
.word SPI2_IRQHandler /* SPI2 */
.word USART1_IRQHandler /* USART1 */
.word USART2_IRQHandler /* USART2 */
.word USART3_IRQHandler /* USART3 */
.word EXTI15_10_IRQHandler /* External Line[15:10]s */
.word RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler /* RTC Alarm (A and B) through EXTI Line */
.word OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler /* USB OTG FS Wakeup through EXTI line */
.word TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler /* TIM8 Break and TIM12 */
.word TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler /* TIM8 Update and TIM13 */
.word TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler /* TIM8 Trigger and Commutation and TIM14 */
.word TIM8_CC_IRQHandler /* TIM8 Capture Compare */
.word DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler /* DMA1 Stream7 */
.word FMC_IRQHandler /* FMC */
.word SDIO_IRQHandler /* SDIO */
.word TIM5_IRQHandler /* TIM5 */
.word SPI3_IRQHandler /* SPI3 */
.word UART4_IRQHandler /* UART4 */
.word UART5_IRQHandler /* UART5 */
.word TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler /* TIM6 and DAC1&2 underrun errors */
.word TIM7_IRQHandler /* TIM7 */
.word DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler /* DMA2 Stream 0 */
.word DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler /* DMA2 Stream 1 */
.word DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler /* DMA2 Stream 2 */
.word DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler /* DMA2 Stream 3 */
.word DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler /* DMA2 Stream 4 */
.word ETH_IRQHandler /* Ethernet */
.word ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler /* Ethernet Wakeup through EXTI line */
.word CAN2_TX_IRQHandler /* CAN2 TX */
.word CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler /* CAN2 RX0 */
.word CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler /* CAN2 RX1 */
.word CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler /* CAN2 SCE */
.word OTG_FS_IRQHandler /* USB OTG FS */
.word DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler /* DMA2 Stream 5 */
.word DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler /* DMA2 Stream 6 */
.word DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler /* DMA2 Stream 7 */
.word USART6_IRQHandler /* USART6 */
.word I2C3_EV_IRQHandler /* I2C3 event */
.word I2C3_ER_IRQHandler /* I2C3 error */
.word OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler /* USB OTG HS End Point 1 Out */
.word OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler /* USB OTG HS End Point 1 In */
.word OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler /* USB OTG HS Wakeup through EXTI */
.word OTG_HS_IRQHandler /* USB OTG HS */
.word DCMI_IRQHandler /* DCMI */
.word 0 /* Reserved */
.word HASH_RNG_IRQHandler /* Hash and Rng */
.word FPU_IRQHandler /* FPU */
.word UART7_IRQHandler /* UART7 */
.word UART8_IRQHandler /* UART8 */
.word SPI4_IRQHandler /* SPI4 */
.word SPI5_IRQHandler /* SPI5 */
.word SPI6_IRQHandler /* SPI6 */
.word SAI1_IRQHandler /* SAI1 */
.word LTDC_IRQHandler /* LTDC_IRQHandler */
.word LTDC_ER_IRQHandler /* LTDC_ER_IRQHandler */
.word DMA2D_IRQHandler /* DMA2D */
/*******************************************************************************
*
* Provide weak aliases for each Exception handler to the Default_Handler.
* As they are weak aliases, any function with the same name will override
* this definition.
*
*******************************************************************************/
.weak NMI_Handler /* 伪指令，弱定义一个符号，名字叫 NMI_Handler */
.thumb_set NMI_Handler,Default_Handler /* 如果C语言里没定义NMI_Handler，则NMI_Handler=Default_Handler */
.weak HardFault_Handler
.thumb_set HardFault_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak MemManage_Handler
.thumb_set MemManage_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak BusFault_Handler
.thumb_set BusFault_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak UsageFault_Handler
.thumb_set UsageFault_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak SVC_Handler
.thumb_set SVC_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak DebugMon_Handler
.thumb_set DebugMon_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak PendSV_Handler
.thumb_set PendSV_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak SysTick_Handler
.thumb_set SysTick_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak WWDG_IRQHandler
.thumb_set WWDG_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak PVD_IRQHandler
.thumb_set PVD_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler
.thumb_set RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak FLASH_IRQHandler
.thumb_set FLASH_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak RCC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set RCC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI0_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI0_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI4_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak ADC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set ADC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
.thumb_set CAN1_TX_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
.thumb_set CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
.thumb_set CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI9_5_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM1_CC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM4_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C1_EV_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C1_ER_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C2_EV_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C2_ER_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak SPI1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set SPI1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak SPI2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set SPI2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USART1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USART1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USART2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USART2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USART3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USART3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI15_10_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler
.thumb_set RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler
.thumb_set OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM8_CC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM8_CC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak FMC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set FMC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak SDIO_IRQHandler
.thumb_set SDIO_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM5_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM5_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak SPI3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set SPI3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak UART4_IRQHandler
.thumb_set UART4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak UART5_IRQHandler
.thumb_set UART5_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM7_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM7_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak ETH_IRQHandler
.thumb_set ETH_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler
.thumb_set ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak CAN2_TX_IRQHandler
.thumb_set CAN2_TX_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler
.thumb_set CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler
.thumb_set CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak OTG_FS_IRQHandler
.thumb_set OTG_FS_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USART6_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USART6_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C3_EV_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C3_EV_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C3_ER_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C3_ER_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler
.thumb_set OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler
.thumb_set OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler
.thumb_set OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak OTG_HS_IRQHandler
.thumb_set OTG_HS_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DCMI_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DCMI_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak HASH_RNG_IRQHandler
.thumb_set HASH_RNG_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak FPU_IRQHandler
.thumb_set FPU_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak UART7_IRQHandler
.thumb_set UART7_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak UART8_IRQHandler
.thumb_set UART8_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak SPI4_IRQHandler
.thumb_set SPI4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak SPI5_IRQHandler
.thumb_set SPI5_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak SPI6_IRQHandler
.thumb_set SPI6_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak SAI1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set SAI1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak LTDC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set LTDC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak LTDC_ER_IRQHandler
.thumb_set LTDC_ER_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA2D_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA2D_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
链接脚本
- cpu内部ram起始地址0x20000000
- cpu内部flash起始地址0x8000000
- ENTRY(Reset_Handler)表示设置Reset_Handler为入口符号，即链接时，此符号的指令放在text段起始
- isr_vector、text段存在flash
- data、bss段运行时存在ram，bss段不占用flash空间
/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
/* Highest address of the user mode stack */
_estack = 0x20030000; /* end of RAM */
/* Generate a link error if heap and stack don't fit into RAM */
_Min_Heap_Size = 0x200; /* required amount of heap */
_Sdram_Heap_Size = 0x2000000; /* 32MB SDRAM */
_Min_Stack_Size = 0x400; /* required amount of stack */
/* Specify the memory areas */
MEMORY
{
RAM (xrw) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 192K
CCMRAM (xrw) : ORIGIN = 0x10000000, LENGTH = 64K
FLASH (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x8000000, LENGTH = 1024K
SDRAM (rw) : ORIGIN = 0xd0000000, LENGTH = 32M
}
/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
/* The startup code goes first into FLASH */
.isr_vector :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
. = ALIGN(4);
} >FLASH
/* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */
.text :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
_stext = .;
*(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
*(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
*(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
*(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
*(.eh_frame)
KEEP (*(.init))
KEEP (*(.fini))
. = ALIGN(4);
_etext = .; /* define a global symbols at end of code */
} >FLASH
/* Constant data goes into FLASH */
.rodata :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
. = ALIGN(4);
} >FLASH
.shell_command :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
_shell_command_start = .;
KEEP (*(shellCommand)) /* .shellCommand sections (shellCommand list) */
_shell_command_end = .;
} >FLASH
.ARM.extab : { *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*) } >FLASH
.ARM : {
__exidx_start = .;
*(.ARM.exidx*)
__exidx_end = .;
} >FLASH
.preinit_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
} >FLASH
.init_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.init_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
} >FLASH
.fini_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
} >FLASH
/* used by the startup to initialize data */
_sidata = LOADADDR(.data);
/* Initialized data sections goes into RAM, load LMA copy after code */
.data :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
_sdata = .; /* create a global symbol at data start */
*(.data) /* .data sections */
*(.data*) /* .data* sections */
. = ALIGN(4);
_edata = .; /* define a global symbol at data end */
} >RAM AT> FLASH
_siccmram = LOADADDR(.ccmram);
/* CCM-RAM section
*
* IMPORTANT NOTE!
* If initialized variables will be placed in this section,
* the startup code needs to be modified to copy the init-values.
*/
.ccmram :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
_sccmram = .; /* create a global symbol at ccmram start */
*(.ccmram)
*(.ccmram*)
. = ALIGN(4);
_eccmram = .; /* create a global symbol at ccmram end */
} >CCMRAM AT> FLASH
/* Uninitialized data section */
. = ALIGN(4);
.bss :
{
/* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss secion */
_sbss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss start */
__bss_start__ = _sbss;
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
*(COMMON)
. = ALIGN(4);
_ebss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss end */
__bss_end__ = _ebss;
} >RAM
/* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough RAM left */
._user_heap_stack :
{
. = ALIGN(8);
PROVIDE ( end = . );
PROVIDE ( _end = . );
. = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
. = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
. = ALIGN(8);
} >RAM
_sstack = .;
.sdram_data (NOLOAD) :/* 该section在程序运行时，不被载入内存，但是空间的地址都是保留了的 */
{
. = ALIGN(4);
__sdram_data_begin = .;
*(.sdram_data)
*(.sdram_data*)
. = ALIGN(4);
. = . + _Sdram_Heap_Size;
__sdram_data_end = .;
} >SDRAM
/* Remove information from the standard libraries */
/DISCARD/ :
{
libc.a ( * )
libm.a ( * )
libgcc.a ( * )
}
.ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
}
编译脚本
#目标文件
TARGET = stm32f429
#工具链
PREFIX = arm-none-eabi-
CC = $(PREFIX)gcc
AS = $(PREFIX)gcc -x assembler-with-cpp
CP = $(PREFIX)objcopy
SZ = $(PREFIX)size
#h 文件
C_INC = \
-Iuser \
-Icore \
-Ilib/inc \
-Isys/sys \
-Isys/delay \
-Isys/usart \
-Ihardware/SDRAM
#c & asm文件
C_SRC = \
BSP_DIR = bsp
include $(BSP_DIR)/bsp.mk
BASE_DIR = base
include $(BASE_DIR)/base.mk
DRV_DIR = drv
include $(DRV_DIR)/drv.mk
APP_DIR = app
include $(APP_DIR)/app.mk
OBJS = \
$(patsubst %.c, %.o, $(C_SRC)) \
$(patsubst %.s, %.o, $(ASM_SRC))
#编译参数
# cpu
CPU = -mcpu=cortex-m4
# fpu
FPU = -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16
# float-abi
FLOAT-ABI = -mfloat-abi=hard
# mcu
MCU = $(CPU) -mthumb $(FPU) $(FLOAT-ABI)
# AS defines
AS_DEFS =
# C defines
C_DEFS = \
-DUSE_HAL_DRIVER \
-DSTM32F429xx
CFLAGS = $(MCU) $(C_DEFS) $(OPT) -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -Wformat -Wno-format-zero-length
#链接脚本
LDSCRIPT = stm32f429.ld
#链接的库
LIBS = -lc -lm -lnosys
#链接参数
LDFLAGS = $(MCU) -specs=nano.specs -T$(LDSCRIPT) $(LIBS) -Wl,-Map=obj.map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections
.PHONY:all clean
#预处理-编译-汇编-链接-转为hex
all: $(TARGET).hex
@echo "build success!"
#4、转化为hex文件
$(TARGET).hex: $(TARGET).elf
@$(CP) -O ihex $< $@
#3、链接.o文件
$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJS)
@echo "LINK" $(TARGET).elf
@$(CC) $(OBJS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
$(SZ) $@
#2、编译.c文件
%.o: %.c
@echo "CC" $<
@$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(C_DEFS) $(C_INC) $< -o $@
#1、编译.s文件
%.o: %.s
@echo "AS" $<
@$(AS) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
#清理
clean:
@find ./ -name "*.o"| xargs rm -f
@find ./ -name "*.elf"| xargs rm -f
@find ./ -name "*.map"| xargs rm -f
@find ./ -name "*.hex" | xargs rm -f
@echo "clean down!"
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