#目前GPU算力资源预计17日上线，在此之前本代码只能使用CPU运行。
#考虑到本代码中的模型过大，CPU训练较慢，
#我们还将代码上传了一份到 https://www.kaggle.com/boyuai/boyu-d2l-modernconvolutionalnetwork
#如希望提前使用gpu运行请至kaggle。
import time
import torch
from torch import nn, optim
import torchvision
import numpy as np
import sys
sys.path.append("/home/kesci/input/")
import d2lzh1981 as d2l
import os
import torch.nn.functional as F
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
class AlexNet(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(AlexNet, self).__init__()
self.conv = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(1, 96, 11, 4), # in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding
nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(3, 2), # kernel_size, stride
# 减小卷积窗口，使用填充为2来使得输入与输出的高和宽一致，且增大输出通道数
nn.Conv2d(96, 256, 5, 1, 2),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(3, 2),
# 连续3个卷积层，且使用更小的卷积窗口。除了最后的卷积层外，进一步增大了输出通道数。
# 前两个卷积层后不使用池化层来减小输入的高和宽
nn.Conv2d(256, 384, 3, 1, 1),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(384, 384, 3, 1, 1),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(384, 256, 3, 1, 1),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(3, 2)
)
# 这里全连接层的输出个数比LeNet中的大数倍。使用丢弃层来缓解过拟合
self.fc = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(256*5*5, 4096),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Dropout(0.5),
#由于使用CPU镜像，精简网络，若为GPU镜像可添加该层
#nn.Linear(4096, 4096),
#nn.ReLU(),
#nn.Dropout(0.5),
# 输出层。由于这里使用Fashion-MNIST，所以用类别数为10，而非论文中的1000
nn.Linear(4096, 10),
)
def forward(self, img):
feature = self.conv(img)
output = self.fc(feature.view(img.shape[0], -1))
return output
net = AlexNet()
print(net)
载入数据集
# 本函数已保存在d2lzh_pytorch包中方便以后使用
def load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size, resize=None, root='/home/kesci/input/FashionMNIST2065'):
"""Download the fashion mnist dataset and then load into memory."""
trans = []
if resize:
trans.append(torchvision.transforms.Resize(size=resize))
trans.append(torchvision.transforms.ToTensor())
transform = torchvision.transforms.Compose(trans)
mnist_train = torchvision.datasets.FashionMNIST(root=root, train=True, download=True, transform=transform)
mnist_test = torchvision.datasets.FashionMNIST(root=root, train=False, download=True, transform=transform)
train_iter = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(mnist_train, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=2)
test_iter = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(mnist_test, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False, num_workers=2)
return train_iter, test_iter
#batchsize=128
batch_size = 16
# 如出现“out of memory”的报错信息，可减小batch_size或resize
train_iter, test_iter = load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size,224)
for X, Y in train_iter:
print('X =', X.shape,
'\nY =', Y.type(torch.int32))
break
训练
lr, num_epochs = 0.001, 3
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=lr)
d2l.train_ch5(net, train_iter, test_iter, batch_size, optimizer, device, num_epochs)
VGG11的简单实现
def vgg_block(num_convs, in_channels, out_channels): #卷积层个数，输入通道数，输出通道数
blk = []
for i in range(num_convs):
if i == 0:
blk.append(nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1))
else:
blk.append(nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1))
blk.append(nn.ReLU())
blk.append(nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)) # 这里会使宽高减半
return nn.Sequential(*blk)
conv_arch = ((1, 1, 64), (1, 64, 128), (2, 128, 256), (2, 256, 512), (2, 512, 512))
# 经过5个vgg_block, 宽高会减半5次, 变成 224/32 = 7
fc_features = 512 * 7 * 7 # c * w * h
fc_hidden_units = 4096 # 任意
def vgg(conv_arch, fc_features, fc_hidden_units=4096):
net = nn.Sequential()
# 卷积层部分
for i, (num_convs, in_channels, out_channels) in enumerate(conv_arch):
# 每经过一个vgg_block都会使宽高减半
net.add_module("vgg_block_" + str(i+1), vgg_block(num_convs, in_channels, out_channels))
# 全连接层部分
net.add_module("fc", nn.Sequential(d2l.FlattenLayer(),
nn.Linear(fc_features, fc_hidden_units),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Dropout(0.5),
nn.Linear(fc_hidden_units, fc_hidden_units),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Dropout(0.5),
nn.Linear(fc_hidden_units, 10)
))
return net
net = vgg(conv_arch, fc_features, fc_hidden_units)
X = torch.rand(1, 1, 224, 224)
# named_children获取一级子模块及其名字(named_modules会返回所有子模块,包括子模块的子模块)
for name, blk in net.named_children():
X = blk(X)
print(name, 'output shape: ', X.shape)
ratio = 8
small_conv_arch = [(1, 1, 64//ratio), (1, 64//ratio, 128//ratio), (2, 128//ratio, 256//ratio),
(2, 256//ratio, 512//ratio), (2, 512//ratio, 512//ratio)]
net = vgg(small_conv_arch, fc_features // ratio, fc_hidden_units // ratio)
print(net)
batchsize=16
#batch_size = 64
# 如出现“out of memory”的报错信息，可减小batch_size或resize
# train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size, resize=224)
lr, num_epochs = 0.001, 5
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=lr)
d2l.train_ch5(net, train_iter, test_iter, batch_size, optimizer, device, num_epochs)
1×1卷积核作用
1.放缩通道数：通过控制卷积核的数量达到通道数的放缩。
2.增加非线性。1×1卷积核的卷积过程相当于全连接层的计算过程，并且还加入了非线性激活函数，从而可以增加网络的非线性。
3.计算参数少
def nin_block(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding):
blk = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1),
nn.ReLU())
return blk
# 已保存在d2lzh_pytorch
class GlobalAvgPool2d(nn.Module):
# 全局平均池化层可通过将池化窗口形状设置成输入的高和宽实现
def __init__(self):
super(GlobalAvgPool2d, self).__init__()
def forward(self, x):
return F.avg_pool2d(x, kernel_size=x.size()[2:])
net = nn.Sequential(
nin_block(1, 96, kernel_size=11, stride=4, padding=0),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2),
nin_block(96, 256, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=2),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2),
nin_block(256, 384, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2),
nn.Dropout(0.5),
# 标签类别数是10
nin_block(384, 10, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
GlobalAvgPool2d(),
# 将四维的输出转成二维的输出，其形状为(批量大小, 10)
d2l.FlattenLayer())
X = torch.rand(1, 1, 224, 224)
for name, blk in net.named_children():
X = blk(X)
print(name, 'output shape: ', X.shape)
batch_size = 128
# 如出现“out of memory”的报错信息，可减小batch_size或resize
#train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size, resize=224)
lr, num_epochs = 0.002, 5
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=lr)
d2l.train_ch5(net, train_iter, test_iter, batch_size, optimizer, device, num_epochs)
class Inception(nn.Module):
# c1 - c4为每条线路里的层的输出通道数
def __init__(self, in_c, c1, c2, c3, c4):
super(Inception, self).__init__()
# 线路1，单1 x 1卷积层
self.p1_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_c, c1, kernel_size=1)
# 线路2，1 x 1卷积层后接3 x 3卷积层
self.p2_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_c, c2[0], kernel_size=1)
self.p2_2 = nn.Conv2d(c2[0], c2[1], kernel_size=3, padding=1)
# 线路3，1 x 1卷积层后接5 x 5卷积层
self.p3_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_c, c3[0], kernel_size=1)
self.p3_2 = nn.Conv2d(c3[0], c3[1], kernel_size=5, padding=2)
# 线路4，3 x 3最大池化层后接1 x 1卷积层
self.p4_1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
self.p4_2 = nn.Conv2d(in_c, c4, kernel_size=1)
def forward(self, x):
p1 = F.relu(self.p1_1(x))
p2 = F.relu(self.p2_2(F.relu(self.p2_1(x))))
p3 = F.relu(self.p3_2(F.relu(self.p3_1(x))))
p4 = F.relu(self.p4_2(self.p4_1(x)))
return torch.cat((p1, p2, p3, p4), dim=1) # 在通道维上连结输出
GoogLeNet模型
完整模型结构
b1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(1, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1))
b2 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=1),
nn.Conv2d(64, 192, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1))
b3 = nn.Sequential(Inception(192, 64, (96, 128), (16, 32), 32),
Inception(256, 128, (128, 192), (32, 96), 64),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1))
b4 = nn.Sequential(Inception(480, 192, (96, 208), (16, 48), 64),
Inception(512, 160, (112, 224), (24, 64), 64),
Inception(512, 128, (128, 256), (24, 64), 64),
Inception(512, 112, (144, 288), (32, 64), 64),
Inception(528, 256, (160, 320), (32, 128), 128),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1))
b5 = nn.Sequential(Inception(832, 256, (160, 320), (32, 128), 128),
Inception(832, 384, (192, 384), (48, 128), 128),
d2l.GlobalAvgPool2d())
net = nn.Sequential(b1, b2, b3, b4, b5,
d2l.FlattenLayer(), nn.Linear(1024, 10))
net = nn.Sequential(b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, d2l.FlattenLayer(), nn.Linear(1024, 10))
X = torch.rand(1, 1, 96, 96)
for blk in net.children():
X = blk(X)
print('output shape: ', X.shape)
#batchsize=128
batch_size = 16
# 如出现“out of memory”的报错信息，可减小batch_size或resize
#train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size, resize=96)
lr, num_epochs = 0.001, 5
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=lr)
d2l.train_ch5(net, train_iter, test_iter, batch_size, optimizer, device, num_epochs)
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