问题描述:
在黑马旅游网项目中,我们每一个功能都要对应创建一个Servlet,这样使得Servlet的数量非常多,现在我们要优化为一个模块一个Servlet,或叫数据库中的一个表一个servlet。
如图所示:用户注册、登录、退出、激活等每个功能都要使用一个servelt,这样一来使用的servlet数量太多了,现在要把他们简化为一个servlet中。
实现办法:
如图所示:抽取一个类BaseServlet来继承HTTPservlet,并使用方法名在浏览器前端发出请求(如localhost:/user/add),这时候BaseServlet使用反射进行方法的分发,对应到下面Servlet的某个具体方法中去:
代码详解:
继承了HTTPServlet的BaseServlet:
package cn.itcast.travel.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class BaseServlet extends HttpServlet {
// 不用加注解 因为Baseservlet根本不需要被访问到
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//System.out.println("baseServlet的service方法被执行了...");
//完成方法分发
//1.获取请求路径
String uri = req.getRequestURI(); // /travel/user/add
System.out.println("请求uri:" + uri);// /travel/user/add
//2.获取方法名称
String methodName = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf('/') + 1); //即获取add
System.out.println("方法名称:" + methodName);
//3.获取方法对象Method
//谁调用我?我代表谁
System.out.println(this);//UserServlet的对象cn.itcast.travel.web.servlet.UserServlet@4903d97e
try {
//获取方法
Method method = this.getClass().getMethod(methodName, HttpServletRequest.class, HttpServletResponse.class);
//4.执行方法
//暴力反射
//method.setAccessible(true);
method.invoke(this, req, resp);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
封装了用户(User)表要实现的功能的UserServlet:
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.Map;
@WebServlet("/user/*") // /user/add /user/find
// 要用*号,要通配所有的方法名称
public class UserServlet extends BaseServlet {
//声明UserService业务对象
private UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
/**
* 注册功能
* @param request
* @param response
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
public void regist(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//验证校验
String check = request.getParameter("check");
//从sesion中获取验证码
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
String checkcode_server = (String) session.getAttribute("CHECKCODE_SERVER");
session.removeAttribute("CHECKCODE_SERVER");//为了保证验证码只能使用一次
//比较
if(checkcode_server == null || !checkcode_server.equalsIgnoreCase(check)){
//验证码错误
ResultInfo info = new ResultInfo();
//注册失败
info.setFlag(false);
info.setErrorMsg("验证码错误");
//将info对象序列化为json
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(info);
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write(json);
return;
}
//1.获取数据
Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
//2.封装对象
User user = new User();
try {
BeanUtils.populate(user,map);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//3.调用service完成注册
//UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
boolean flag = service.regist(user);
ResultInfo info = new ResultInfo();
//4.响应结果
if(flag){
//注册成功
info.setFlag(true);
}else{
//注册失败
info.setFlag(false);
info.setErrorMsg("注册失败!");
}
//将info对象序列化为json
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(info);
//将json数据写回客户端
//设置content-type
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write(json);
}
/**
* 登录功能
* @param request
* @param response
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
public void login(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取用户名和密码数据
Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
//2.封装User对象
User user = new User();
try {
BeanUtils.populate(user,map);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//3.调用Service查询
// UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
User u = service.login(user);
ResultInfo info = new ResultInfo();
//4.判断用户对象是否为null
if(u == null){
//用户名密码或错误
info.setFlag(false);
info.setErrorMsg("用户名密码或错误");
}
//5.判断用户是否激活
if(u != null && !"Y".equals(u.getStatus())){
//用户尚未激活
info.setFlag(false);
info.setErrorMsg("您尚未激活,请激活");
}
//6.判断登录成功
if(u != null && "Y".equals(u.getStatus())){
request.getSession().setAttribute("user",u);//登录成功标记
//登录成功
info.setFlag(true);
}
//响应数据
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
mapper.writeValue(response.getOutputStream(),info);
}
/**
* 查询单个对象
* @param request
* @param response
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
public void findOne(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//从session中获取登录用户
Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("user");
//将user写回客户端
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
mapper.writeValue(response.getOutputStream(),user);
}
/**
* 退出功能
* @param request
* @param response
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
public void exit(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.销毁session
request.getSession().invalidate();
//2.跳转登录页面
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/login.html");
}
/**
* 激活功能
* @param request
* @param response
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
public void active(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取激活码
String code = request.getParameter("code");
if(code != null){
//2.调用service完成激活
//UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
boolean flag = service.active(code);
//3.判断标记
String msg = null;
if(flag){
//激活成功
msg = "激活成功,请<a href='login.html'>登录</a>";
}else{
//激活失败
msg = "激活失败,请联系管理员!";
}
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write(msg);
}
}
}
执行流程解析:
- 我们在浏览器前端填写好表单,进行登录(以登录为例)
- 前端向服务器中的user/login发送请求
- 由于UserServelt的资源路径填写的是/user/*,那么上面的请求就会访问到UserServelt中来
- UserServlet就会执行他的service方法,它继承了BaseServlet,而BaseServlet的service方法已经被覆盖重写了,所以执行了BaseServlet的service方法
- service方法根据URI和发射拿到了方法名并执行,于是UserServlet中的login方法被执行成功,登录功能完成了