ubuntu opengl安装使用

1.opengl的安装

OpenGL到底是什么。一般它被认为是一个API(Application Programming Interface, 应用程序编程接口)，包含了一系列可以操作图形、图像的函数。然而，OpenGL本身并不是一个API，它仅仅是一个由Khronos组织制定并维护的规范(Specification)。

OpenGL规范严格规定了每个函数该如何执行，以及它们的输出值。实际的OpenGL库的开发者通常是显卡的生产商。你购买的显卡所支持的OpenGL版本都为这个系列的显卡专门开发的。当你使用Apple系统的时候，OpenGL库是由Apple自身维护的。在Linux下，有显卡生产商提供的OpenGL库，也有一些爱好者改编的版本。

sudo apt-get install build-essential libgl1-mesa-dev
sudo apt-get install nvidia-535

查看当前驱动对应的opengl版本

xxx@xxx:~$ glxinfo | grep "OpenGL"

OpenGL vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation
OpenGL renderer string: Quadro M6000 24GB/PCIe/SSE2
OpenGL core profile version string: 4.6.0 NVIDIA 535.146.02
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.60 NVIDIA
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile
OpenGL core profile extensions:
OpenGL version string: 4.6.0 NVIDIA 535.146.02
OpenGL shading language version string: 4.60 NVIDIA
OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL profile mask: (none)
OpenGL extensions:
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.2 NVIDIA 535.146.02
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.20
OpenGL ES profile extensions:

可以看到OpenGL version string: 4.6.0 NVIDIA 535.146.02，这就是当前驱动对应的opengl版本。`

2.安装GLFW

https://www.glfw.org/download.html
先下载源码
解压进入主目录

mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j8
sudo make install

输出

............
[ 92%] Built target title
[ 95%] Built target triangle-vulkan
[100%] Built target windows
Install the project...
-- Install configuration: ""
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/libglfw3.a
-- Installing: /usr/local/include/GLFW
-- Installing: /usr/local/include/GLFW/glfw3native.h
-- Installing: /usr/local/include/GLFW/glfw3.h
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/cmake/glfw3/glfw3Config.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/cmake/glfw3/glfw3ConfigVersion.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/cmake/glfw3/glfw3Targets.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/cmake/glfw3/glfw3Targets-noconfig.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/glfw3.pc

3.安装glad

链接：https://glad.dav1d.de/

获得一个压缩包，下载下来解压得到两个文件夹，一个是include 一个是src。

4.调用示例

文件结构

├── build
├── CMakeLists.txt
└── src
    └── main.cpp

cd build
cmake ..
make -j8
./test

• CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)
project(test)


include_directories("/home/xp/3rd_party/glad/include" "/usr/local/include/GLFW/")

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)

add_executable(test src/main.cpp /home/xp/3rd_party/glad/src/glad.c)

set(TARGET_LIB
        "/usr/local/lib/libglfw3.a"
        -lX11
    -lXrandr
    -lXinerama
    -lXi
    -lXxf86vm
    -lXcursor
    -lGL
    -lpthread
    -ldl
        )
target_link_libraries(test ${TARGET_LIB})

• main.cpp

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>


#include <iostream>

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);

// settings
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;

int main()
{
    // glfw: initialize and configure
    // ------------------------------
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

#ifdef __APPLE__
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif

    // glfw window creation
    // --------------------
    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
    if (window == NULL)
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);

    // glad: load all OpenGL function pointers
    // ---------------------------------------
    if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }    

    // render loop
    // -----------
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        // input
        // -----
        processInput(window);

        // glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)
        // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    // glfw: terminate, clearing all previously allocated GLFW resources.
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

// process all input: query GLFW whether relevant keys are pressed/released this frame and react accordingly
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window)
{
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
}

// glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
    // make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and 
    // height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

结果

参考

https://learnopengl-cn.github.io/

installation reference