C++PrimerPlus 第八章 函数探幽(编程练习含答案)
1、编写通常接受一个参数(字符串的地址),并打印该字符串的函数。然而,如果提供了第二个参数(int类型),且该参数不为0,则该函数打印字符串的次数将为该函数被调用的次数(注意,字符串的打印次数不等于第二个参数的值,而等于函数被调用的次数)。是的,这是一个非常可笑的函数,但它让您能够使用本章介绍的一些技术。在一个简单的程序中使用该函数,以演示该函数是如何工作的。
答案:
#include<iostream> using namespace std; static int flag = 0; void print(char* str, int n = 0); int main() { char str[13] = "Hello World!"; print(str); print(str, 5); print(str, 10); return 0; } void print(char* str, int n) { if (n == 0) cout << str << endl; else { flag++; for (int i = 0; i < flag; i++) cout << str << endl; } cout << endl; }
2、CandyBar结构包含3个成员。第一个成员存储candy bar的品牌名称;第二个成员存储candy bar的重量(可能有小数);第三个成员存储candy bar的热量(整数)。请编写一个程序,它使用一个这样的函数,即将CandyBar的引用、char指针、double和int作为参数,并用最后3个值设置相应的结构成员。最后3个参数的默认值分别为“Millennium Munch”、2.85和350。另外,该程序还包含一个以CandyBar的引用为参数,并显示结构内容的函数。请尽可能使用const。
答案:
#include<iostream> #include<cstring> using namespace std; struct CandyBar { string name; float weight; int colories; }; void SetValue(CandyBar&, const char* = "Millennium Munch", const float = 2.85, const int = 350); void Show(const CandyBar&); int main() { CandyBar cb = { "Bob",7.5,324 }; Show(cb); SetValue(cb, "Jank", 13.0, 10); Show(cb); SetValue(cb); Show(cb); return 0; } void SetValue(CandyBar& cb, const char* str, const float w, const int c) { cb.name = str; cb.weight = w; cb.colories = c; } void Show(const CandyBar& cb) { cout << "name: " << cb.name << endl; cout << "weight: " << cb.weight << endl; cout << "colories: " << cb.colories << endl; }
3、编写一个函数,它接受一个指向string对象的引用作为参数,并将该string对象的内容转换为大写,为此可使用表6.4描述的函数toupper()。然后编写一个程序,它通过使用一个循环让您能够用不同的输入来测试这个函数,该程序的运行情况如下:
Enter a string (q to quit): go away
GO AWAY
Next string (q to quit): good grief!
GOOD GRIEF!
Next string(q to quit): q
Bye.
答案:
#include<iostream> #include<string> #include<cctype> using namespace std; void Conver(string&); int main() { string word; cout << "Enter a string (q to quit): "; while (getline(cin,word) && word != "q") { Conver(word); cout << word << endl; cout << "Enter a string (q to quit): "; } cout << "Bye." << endl; return 0; } void Conver(string& str) { for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++) str[i] = toupper(str[i]); }
4、下面是一个程序框架:
#include<iostream> using namespace std; #include<cstring> //for strlen(), strcpy() struct stringy { char* str; //points to a string int ct; //length of string (not counting '\0') }; //prototypes for set(), show(), and show() go here int main() { stringy beany; char testing[] = "Reality isn't what it used to be."; set(beany, testing); //first argument is a reference //allocates space to hold copy of testing, //sets str member of beany to point to the //new block, copies testing to new block, //and sets ct member of beany show(beany); //prints member string once show(beany, 2); //prints member string twice testing[0] = 'D'; testing[1] = 'u'; show(testing); //prints testing string once show(testing, 3); //prints testing string thrice show("Done!"); return 0; }
请提供其中描述的函数和原型,从而完成该程序。注意,应有两个show()函数,每个都使用默认参数。请尽可能使用const参数。set()使用new分配足够的空间来存储指定的字符串。这里使用的技术与设计和实现类时使用的相似。(可能还必须修改头文件的名称,删除using编译指令,这取决于所用的编译器。)
答案:
#include<iostream> #include<cstring> using namespace std; struct stringy { char* str; int ct; }; void set(stringy&, const char[]); void show(const stringy&, const int = 1); void show(const char[], const int = 1); int main() { stringy beany; char testing[] = "Reality isn't what it used to be."; set(beany, testing); //first argument is a reference //allocates space to hold copy of testing, //sets str member of beany to point to the //new block, copies testing to new block, //and sets ct member of beany show(beany); //prints member string once show(beany, 2); //prints member string twice testing[0] = 'D'; testing[1] = 'u'; show(testing); //prints testing string once show(testing, 3); //prints testing string thrice show("Done!"); return 0; } void set(stringy& s, const char arr[]) { char* str = new char[strlen(arr) + 1]; strcpy_s(str, strlen(arr) + 1, arr); s.str = str; s.ct = strlen(arr); } void show(const stringy& s, const int n) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cout << s.str << endl; cout << endl; } void show(const char str[], const int n) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cout << str << endl; cout << endl; }
5、编写模板函数max5(),它将一个包含5个T类型元素的数组作为参数,并返回数组中最大的元素(由于长度固定,因此可以在循环中使用硬编码,而不必通过参数来传递)。在一个程序中使用该函数,将T替换为一个包含5个int值的数组,以测试该函数。
答案:
#include<iostream> using namespace std; template<class T> T max5(T[5]); int main() { int a1[5] = { 27,52,48,15,6 }; double a2[5] = { 15.2,18.7,20.3,16.9,7.5 }; cout << "The max of a1: " << max5(a1) << endl; cout << "The max of a2: " << max5(a2) << endl; return 0; } template<class T> T max5(T arr[5]) { T temp = arr[0]; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { if (arr[i] > temp) temp = arr[i]; } return temp; }
6、编写模板函数maxn(),它将由一个T类型元素组成的数组和一个表示数组元素数目的整数作为参数,并返回数组中最大的元素。在程序对它进行测试,该程序使用一个包含6个int元素的数组和一个包含4个double元素的数组来调用该函数。程序还包含一个具体化,它将char指针数组和数组中的指针数量作为参数,并返回最长的字符串的地址。如果有多个这样的字符串,则返回其中第一个字符串的地址。使用由5个字符串指针组成的数组来测试该具体化。
答案:
#include<iostream> using namespace std; template<class T> T maxn(T[], int n); template<>const char* maxn(const char*[], int n); int main() { int a1[5] = { 27,52,48,15,6 }; double a2[8] = { 15.2,18.7,20.3,16.9,7.5, 6.7, 5.2, 13.7 }; const char* a3[3] = {"Jack", "Bob", "Jarry"}; cout << "The max of a1: " << maxn(a1, 5) << endl; cout << "The max of a2: " << maxn(a2, 8) << endl; cout << "The max of a3: " << maxn(a3, 3) << endl; return 0; } template<class T> T maxn(T arr[], int n) { T temp = arr[0]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (arr[i] > temp) temp = arr[i]; } return temp; } template<> const char* maxn(const char* str[], int n) { const char* temp = str[0]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (strlen(str[i]) > strlen(temp)) temp = str[i]; } return temp; }
7、修改程序清单8.14,使其使用两个名为SumArray()的模板函数来返回数组元素的总和,而不是显示数组的内容。程序应显示thing的总和以及所有debt的总和。
#include<iostream> template<typename T> //template A void ShowArray(T arr[], int n); template<typename T> //template B void ShowArray(T* arr[], int n); struct debts { char name[20]; double amount; }; int main() { using namespace std; int things[6] = { 13,31,103,301,310,130 }; struct debts mr_E[3] = { {"Ima Wolfe", 2400.0}, {"Ura Foxe", 1300.0}, {"Iby Stout", 1800.0} }; double* pd[3]; //set pointers to the amount members of the structures in mr_E for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) pd[i] = &mr_E[i].amount; cout << "Listing Mr.E's counts of things:\n"; //things is an array of int ShowArray(things, 6); //uses template A //pd is an array of pointers to double ShowArray(pd, 3); //uses template B(more specialized) return 0; } template<typename T> void ShowArray(T arr[], int n) { using namespace std; cout << "template A\n"; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cout << arr[i] << ' '; cout << endl; } template<typename T> void ShowArray(T* arr[], int n) { using namespace std; cout << "template B\n"; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cout << *arr[i] << ' '; cout << endl; }
答案:
#include<iostream> using namespace std; template<typename T> T SumArray(T arr[], int n); template<typename T> T SumArray(T* arr[], int n); struct debts { char name[20]; double amount; }; int main() { int things[6] = { 13,31,103,301,310,130 }; struct debts mr_E[3] = { {"Ima Wolfe", 2400.0}, {"Ura Foxe", 1300.0}, {"Iby Stout", 1800.0} }; double* pd[3]; for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) pd[i] = &mr_E[i].amount; cout << "Listing Mr.E's counts of things:\n"; cout << "sum = " << SumArray(things, 6) << endl; cout << "Listing Mr's debts:\n"; cout << "sum = " << SumArray(pd, 3) << endl; return 0; } template<typename T> T SumArray(T arr[], int n) { cout << "template A\n"; T sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) sum += arr[i]; return sum; } template<typename T> T SumArray(T* arr[], int n) { cout << "template B\n"; T sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) sum += *arr[i]; return sum; }