Notes for The Missing Semester of Your CS Education(2020) provided MIT

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-12 23:34:47 发布

Kylincommander

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-12 23:34:47 发布

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分类专栏：学习笔记

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40676699/article/details/108185736

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This is the note that i took for the Class of the MIT : The Missing Semester of Your CS Education(2020).
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1x7411H7wa/?p=1

1.Shell

Whitespace seperates the arguments, if I need an argument as multiple words:
1.Quote those words;
2.Use ‘’\’’+Whitespace as space in this argument;

Path & Some relative handy commands

Veriable $PATH

echo $PATH

This shows all the paths on my machine that the shell will search for programs of files whose name matches the command which i tried to run.

which echo

which command tells me that if I were to run a program called echo, I would run that one in the directory it shows.

Paths are the way to name the location on your computer.On Linux and MacOS these paths are separated by ‘/’ (forward slash) , while on Windows paths are seperated by ‘\’ (back slash) instead.

Absolute path

On Linux and MacOS, everything lives under the root namespace, so all absolute paths start with a slash.

On Windows there is one root for every partition, C:\、D:\.
Relative path

pwd

Print working directory.

cd /home

Change Directory. . means current directory, .. means the parent directory,~ means the home directory. - means the directory you previously in.

ls

List all files and ditectories(in the directory which i typed in, default is the current directory).

Most programs take what are known as arguments like flags and options. These are things that usually start with a -. One of the most handy ones is --help, most programs implement this . This shows how to use this program and all the other flags and options of this program.

ls -l

result example:

total 0
drwx------+  6 gongfeiyang  staff   192 Aug 15 10:07 Desktop
drwx------@  7 gongfeiyang  staff   224 Aug 15 10:33 Documents
drwx------@ 38 gongfeiyang  staff  1216 Aug 15 10:34 Downloads
drwx------@ 75 gongfeiyang  staff  2400 Aug  8 14:51 Library
drwx------+  6 gongfeiyang  staff   192 May 31 14:27 Movies
drwx------+  5 gongfeiyang  staff   160 May 27 11:48 Music
drwxr-xr-x   3 gongfeiyang  staff    96 Jun  9 08:58 Myblog
drwx------@ 18 gongfeiyang  staff   576 Aug 10 16:16 OneDrive
drwx------+  5 gongfeiyang  staff   160 May 28 07:07 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x   8 gongfeiyang  staff   256 Jul 27 17:53 Programming

d indicates that something is a directory. lindicates that something is a link file,- indicates that it is a normal file;
The following 9 letters after that indicate the permissions that are set for that file:
- r (Read)
- w (Wirte)
- x (eXecute)
  The first there of those indicates the permissions of the owner of this file. The next three indicated the permission of the group of this file. Last three indicates other’s permission.
The following number means the number of the hard links
gongfeiyang is the owner of this file, staff is the group of the owner.
The following number indicates the size(Bytes) of the file.

Other handy commands

mv,cp,mkdir

Streams

Every program by default has two primary streams: input stream and output stream. By default, the input stream and output stream are terminal.

Shell gives a way to rewire these streams to change where the input and output of a program pointed.

The most straightforward way to do this is using < (rewire the input to this file) and > (rewire the output to this file) ,>> (append to):

Eg:

echo hello > hello.txt
cat < hello.txt > hello2.txt
cat < hello.txt >> hello2.txt

Pipe character :|

Take the output of the program to the left and make the input of the program to the right.

eg:
```
ls -l / | tail -n1
```
I want the output of ls to be the input of the tail.

Root User

Root user can do whatever he want to the computer, sort of like a super user.

sudo

Do as super user.

sudo su

Drop into root shell.

Variable

Assign variables and replace them in string:

foo=bar
echo "Value is $foo"
echo 'Value is $foo'

Output:

Value is bar
Value is $foo

$0: The name of the script.
$1~$9: The Xth argument of the command input.
$_ :The last argument of the previous command.
$? :The error code from the previous command. 0 means no error.
$# :The number of arguments we are giving to this program.
$$ : The process ID of this command that is running.
$@ : The vector of all arguments we are giving.

How to use $?:
```
false || echo "Oops fail"
true || echo "this will not be printed"
true && echo "Things went well"
false && echo "This will not be printed"
```
||: If the $?of the left command is not 0, bash will try to execute the right one.

&&: If the $? of the left command is 0, bash will execute the right one.
Getting the output of a command into a variable.

foo=$(pwd)
cat <(ls) <(ls ..)

Globbing & Expand

ls *.sh
ls project?.sh

* can be replaced by any string.

? can be replaced by one character.

ls image.png image.jpg
ls image.{
   png,jpg}
touch {
   foo,bar}/{
   a

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