Json的简单使用

Json

• JSON(JavaScript Object Notation, JS 对象简谱) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。它基于 ECMAScript (欧洲计算机协会制定的js规范)的一个子集，采用完全独立于编程语言的文本格式来存储和表示数据。简洁和清晰的层次结构使得 JSON 成为理想的数据交换语言。

Json的语法

• 在 JS 语言中，一切都是对象。因此，任何支持的类型都可以通过 JSON 来表示，例如字符串、数字、对象、数组等。但是对象和数组是比较特殊且常用的两种类型:

  • 对象表示为键值对
  • 数据由逗号分隔
  • 花括号保存对象
  • 方括号保存数组
    像下面这种
    

Json和JS的关系

1. JSON 是 JS 对象的字符串表示法，它使用文本表示一个 JS 对象的信息，本质是一个字符串。
2. 实现互转：
   要实现从JSON字符串转换为JS对象，使用 JSON.parse() 方法:
   要实现从JS对象转换为JSON字符串，使用 JSON.stringify() 方法:

Json的简单使用

1. 首先是导包，SpringMVC的依赖，Jackson的依赖包

<!-- Spring MVC 及 Spring系列包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.24.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.8</version>
        </dependency>        

2. 编写实体类；

package com.baidu.pojo;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String sex;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String name, int age, String sex) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

3. 编写controller层

package com.baidu.controller;

import com.baidu.pojo.User;
import com.baidu.utils.JsonUtils;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

@Controller
public class UserController2 {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/json1",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
    @ResponseBody
    public String json1(){
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String str = "";
        User user = new User("郝一凡", 18, "女");
        try {
            str = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //将str打印在页面上
        return str;//由于使用了@ResponseBody注解，这里会将str以json格式返回
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/json2",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
    @ResponseBody
    public String json2() throws JsonProcessingException {
        List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new User("郝一凡",18,"女"));
        list.add(new User("辛卫东",18,"男"));
        list.add(new User("张三",18,"男"));
        return new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(list);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/json3",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
    @ResponseBody
    public String json3(){
        SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        String str = format.format(new Date());
        try {
            return new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(str);
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/json4",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
    @ResponseBody
    public String json4(){
        String json = JsonUtils.getJson(new Date());
        return json;
    }
}

4. 编写工具类，显示日期的格式

package com.baidu.utils;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

public class JsonUtils {
    public static String getJson(Object o){
        return getJson(o,"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
    }

    public static String getJson(Object object,String dateFormat){
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS,false);
        SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(dateFormat);
        mapper.setDateFormat(format);
        try {
            return mapper.writeValueAsString(object);
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

6. 配置spring-servlet.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">


    <context:component-scan base-package="com.baidu.controller"/>
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven>
        <!--JSON格式乱码处理方式-->
        <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
            </bean>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="objectMapper">
                    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                        <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>


</beans>

5. web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
         http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc01</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <!--配置过滤器-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <!--/*  包括.jsp-->
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc01</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

6. 配置tomcat，运行