转载：Java中静态变量(类变量)、实例变量、局部变量和成员变量

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 23:50:30 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 23:50:30 发布

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分类专栏：学习Java 文章标签： java

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/github_39655029/article/details/80648679

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学习Java的过程中，一开始很容易被这些各种变量绕晕，这篇博客主要介绍了这几种变量之间的关系和区别。

例程

package com.cunyu.demo

public class Demo {

<span class="token keyword">private</span> String name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>  <span class="token comment">//成员变量、实例变量</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>  <span class="token comment">//成员变量、实例变量</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> ID<span class="token punctuation">;</span>  <span class="token comment">//成员变量、实例变量</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">final</span> String school <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"卡塞尔学院"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  <span class="token comment">//成员变量、静态变量(类变量)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> String level <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"SSS"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>    <span class="token comment">//成员变量、静态变量(类变量)</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">getAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">getId</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> ID<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age <span class="token operator">=</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setId</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> ID<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>ID <span class="token operator">=</span> ID<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">study</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        String subject1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"屠龙"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  <span class="token comment">//局部变量</span>
        String subject2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"炼金术"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//局部变量</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"学习科目： "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> subject1 <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"、"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> subject2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    Demo demo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Demo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    demo<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">23</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    demo<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setId</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">14000001</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    demo<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"楚子航"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"ID: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> demo<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getId</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"Age: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> demo<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"Name: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> demo<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"主修科目： "</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    demo<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">study</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"学院："</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Demo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>school<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"等级："</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Demo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>level<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

各变量联系与区别

成员变量：作用范围是整个类，相当于C中的全局变量，定义在方法体和语句块之外，一般定义在类的声明之下；成员变量包括实例变量和静态变量(类变量)；
实例变量：独立于与方法之外的变量，无static修饰，声明在一个类中，但在方法、构造方法和语句块之外，数值型变量默认值为0，布尔型默认值为false，引用类型默认值为null；
静态变量(类变量)：独立于方法之外的变量，用static修饰，默认值与实例变量相似，一个类中只有一份，属于对象共有，存储在静态存储区，经常被声明为常量，调用一般是类名.静态变量名，也可以用对象名.静态变量名调用；
局部变量：类的方法中的变量，访问修饰符不能用于局部变量，声明在方法、构造方法或语句块中，在栈上分配，无默认值，必须经初始化；

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