Chapter 1 Introduction
1.0 word and sentence
lagged behind 落后于
the tremendous complexity of the underlying(潜在行为) behaviour
preclude(s) 阻碍
affordable 便宜的
the introduction(引入) of user-friendly interfaces
upsurge 高涨 upsurge of interest
industrial community 工业界
perpetual 无期限的 The perpetual licence fee
CFD software houses CFD软件公司
experimental facility 实验设施
there are several unique advantages of CFD over experiment-based approaches to fluid systems design
lead time 开发周期,交货时间
hazardous 危险的 hazardous condition
practically 几乎
in terms of 按照
facility hire 设备租用
is proportional to 与…成正比
In contrast 相比之下
large volumes of results 大量的结果
the overall(总体) structure of a CFD code
discuss the role(角色,作用) of the individual(各个) building(构建) blocks.
a substantial investment outlay 大量的投资花费
tackle 应付,解决
Efforts are under way (正在努力进行的方向是)to develop CFD codes with a (self-)adaptive meshing capability
There are three distinct(截然不同) streams of numerical solution techniques (技术流)
solely 唯一地
with respect to time 就时间而言
linkage(联系) between pressure and velocity
versatile(多功能) data visualisation(可视化) tools.
Elaborating (阐述)on the latter issue first
Prior to 在…之前
exclude 排除
ambient temperature 环境温度
neglect the effects of small air bubbles(小的气泡) dissolved(溶解) in tap water(自来水)
in all but the simplest problems 除了最简单的问题
salient 显著的
Optimisation 最优化
Good initial grid design relies largely on an insight into the expected properties of the flow.
a grid dependence study 网格相关性分析
term 术语
laser Doppler anemometry 激光多普勒测风技术
particle image velocimetry 粒子图像测速
substitute 替代性的
analytical solutions
constitutes a realistic approximation 构成了一个现实的近似
there are no cast-iron guarantees with(没有铁的保证) regard to the accuracy of a simulation
ingredients 因素
get the best out of a code 充分利用代码
1.1 三种主要求解方法
-
finite difference
-
finite element
-
spectral methods(谱方法)
1.2 finite volume method(有限体积法)
A special finite difference formulation that is central to most well-established(确立已久的,成熟的) CFD code. consists of the following steps:
- Integration(积分) of the governing equations of fluid flow over all the (finite) control volumes of the domain
- Discreti**s(z)**ation (离散化)– conversion (转化)of the resulting integral equations into a system of algebraic equations
常用的方法是TDMA(tri-diagonal matrix algorithrm,三对角矩阵算法) 以及SIMPLE algorithm
1.3 后处理
- 几何和网格展示
- 向量绘制
- 线和阴影云图绘制
- 2D和3D表面绘制
- 粒子跟踪
- 视觉操作(view manipulate)
- 颜色后期脚本输出
1.4计算设置
在设置中,由于计算本质上是迭代的,因此选择合适的松弛因子(relaxation factors)和加速设置能够有效加速收敛。但没有任何一种简单的指导方针(straightforward guidelines)来进行选择,因为他们依赖于具体的问题(they are problem dependent)。为此需要广泛的运用来获得足够的经验来选择最佳的方案来加快收敛速度。
每种数值算法都有其特有的误差模式