消息中间件的作用:解耦、冗余存储(持久化)、扩展性、削峰、可恢复性、顺序保证、缓冲、异步通信。
RabbitMQ是采用Erlang语言实现的AMQP(高级消息队列协议)的消息中间件。
RabbitMQ的特点:可靠性(持久化、传输确认、发布确认)、灵活的路由(交换器进行路由)、扩展性(集群)、高可用性(设置镜像)、多种协议(AMQP、STOMP、MQTT)、多语言客户端(Java、C#、Python、Ruby、PHP)、管理界面、插件机制。
management plugin插件的访问端口是15672,guest这个账号默认只能通过本地网络localhost访问,远程网络访问受限。
生产者客户端代码示例:
package com.lmy.demo.rabbitmq.demo;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.MessageProperties;
public class RabbitProducer {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME="exchange_demo";
private static final String ROUTING_KEY="routingkey_demo";
private static final String QUEUE_NAME="queue_demo";
private static final String IP_ADDRESS="127.0.0.1";
private static final int PORT=5672; //rabbitMQ 服务端默认端口号为5672
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory=new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost(IP_ADDRESS);
factory.setPort(PORT);
factory.setUsername("root");
factory.setPassword("root");
Connection connection=factory.newConnection();//创建连接
Channel channel=connection.createChannel();//创建信道
//创建一个type="direct"、持久化的、非自动删除的交换器
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"direct",true,false,null);
//创建一个持久化、非排他的、非自动删除的队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, true, false,false,null);
//将交换器与队列通过路由键绑定
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY);
//发送一条持久化的消息;hello world
String message="Hello world";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY, MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,
message.getBytes());
// //关闭资源
// channel.close();
// connection.close();
}
}
消费者客户端代码:
package com.lmy.demo.rabbitmq.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Address;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP.BasicProperties;
public class RabbitConsumer {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME="queue_demo";
private static final String IP_ADDRESS="127.0.0.1";
private static final int PORT=5672;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Address[] addresses=new Address[]{
new Address(IP_ADDRESS,PORT)
};
ConnectionFactory factory=new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setUsername("root");
factory.setPassword("root");
//这里的连接方式与生产者的demo略有不同,注意辨别区别
Connection connection=factory.newConnection(addresses);//创建连接
final Channel channel=connection.createChannel();//创建信道
channel.basicQos(64);//设置客户端最多接收未被ack的消息的个数
Consumer consumer=new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("recv message:"+new String(body));
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
}
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,consumer);
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, "myConsumerTag",new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String routingKey=envelope.getRoutingKey();
String contentType=properties.getContentType();
}
});
//等待回调函数执行完毕之后,关闭资源
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
推荐使用继承DefaultConsumer的方式来实现消费,不推荐使用QueueingConsumer的方式来实现消费。