SpringCloud学习笔记【零基础篇】SpringCloud介绍及微服务架构编码构建

白晨兄弟

已于 2022-09-13 09:13:07 修改

阅读量838

点赞数 1

分类专栏： # SpringCloud学习文章标签： spring cloud 微服务架构

于 2022-09-09 16:26:44 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40959561/article/details/126781576

版权

SpringCloud学习专栏收录该内容

2 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

一、SpringCloud介绍

SpringCloud 是微服务一站式服务解决方案，微服务全家桶。它是微服务开发的主流技术栈。它采用了名称，而非数字版本号。
SpringCloud 和 SpringCloud Alibaba 目前是最主流的微服务框架组合。

SpringCloud版本选择

选用 SpringBoot 和 SpringCloud 版本有约束，不按照它的约束会有冲突。

查看版本对ces应关系：https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#overview

课程所用软件版本


cloud	Hoxton.SR1
boot	2.2.2.RELEASE
cloud alibaba	2.1.0.RELEASE
Java	Java8
Maven	3.5及以上
Mysql	5.7及以上

题外话：当前boot版已经到2.7.3为最新，为什么选2.2.2？

如果项目中只用到boot，直接用最新的boot版本，这没问题，但是同时用boot和cloud，需要照顾cloud，由cloud决定boot版本；
查看cloud和boot最佳适配关系：https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#learn

Cloud各种组件的停更/升级/替换

现在（2020年）：

Eureka停用,可以使用zk作为服务注册中心
服务调用,Ribbon准备停更,代替为LoadBalance
Feign改为OpenFeign
Hystrix停更,改为resilence4j,或者阿里巴巴的sentienl
Zuul改为gateway
服务配置Config改为 Nacos
服务总线Bus改为Nacos
参考资料：

SpringCloud:

https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Hoxton.SR1/reference/htmlsingle/
Spring Cloud中文文档：https://www.bookstack.cn/read/spring-cloud-docs/docs-index.md

二、微服务架构编码构建

约定 > 配置 > 编码

（一）构建父工程

微服务cloud整体聚合父工程Project
• File >New >Project，选择Maven，
• 勾选添加archetype，选择版本 org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-site (Next下一步)
填写GroupId：com.atguigu.springcloud 填写ArtifactId：cloud2020

• 配置字符编码： File | Settings | Editor | File Encodings
配置 Project Encoding 为 utf-8；配置Default encoding for properties files 为utf-8
并勾选Transparent native-to-ascii conversion

• 注解激活生效：File | Settings | Build, Execution, Deployment | Compiler | Annotation Processors 勾选 Enable annotation processing

• 调整Java编译版本：File | Settings | Build, Execution, Deployment | Compiler | Java Compiler 列表 Target bytecode version下拉选择8
• File Type 过滤: File | Settings | Editor | File Types 过滤掉不想看的文件在Ignored Files and Folders填入过滤格式 .gitignore，.idea，*.iml

2、父工程pom配置

• 1.3.0 mybatis.spring.boot.version 的版本太低，无法使用注解@Mapper，@Parm

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
    <groupId>springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
 
    <!-- 统一管理 jar 包版本 -->
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
        <druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
        <mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
    </properties>
 
    <!-- 子块基础之后，提供作用：锁定版本 + 子module不用写 groupId 和 version -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.0</version>
            </dependency>
 
            <!-- 下面三个基本是微服务架构的标配 -->
            <!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--spring cloud 阿里巴巴-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
 
            <!--mysql-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!-- druid-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--junit-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--log4j-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
 
        </dependencies>
 
    </dependencyManagement>
 
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <fork>true</fork>
                    <addResources>true</addResources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

3、Maven工程落地细节复习

在这里插入图片描述

（二）Rest微服务工程构建

1、支付Module模块8001
新建模块cloud-provider-payment8001

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
    <artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>
 
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql-connector-java-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--jdbc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 8001
 
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment-service # 项目名,也是注册的名字
 
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource  #当前数据源操作类型
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver    #mysql驱动包
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2019?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: 12345
 
mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  # 所有Entity 别名类所在包
  type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities

主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

建表SQL

create table `payment`(
    `id` bigint(20) not null auto_increment comment 'ID',
    `serial` varchar(200) default '',
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
 
)ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
select * from payment;

实体类

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    private long id; //数据库是bigint
    private String serial;
}

返回给前端的通用json数据串

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private T data;
    public CommonResult(Integer id,String message){
        this(id,message,null);
    }
}

dao

@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {
    public int create(Payment payment);
    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}

resource下创建mapper文件夹，新建mapper.xml。在yml里有所有entity别名类所在包，所有payment不用写全类名

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springcloud.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">
    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="Payment">
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>
    <insert id="create" parameterType="Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
        insert into payment(serial) values(#{serial})
    </insert>
    <select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
        select * from payment where id = #{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

service

public interface PaymentService {
    public int create(Payment payment);
    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}

serviceImpl

@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {
 
    @Resource
    private PaymentDao paymentDao;
 
    @Override
    public int create(Payment payment){
        return paymentDao.create(payment);
    }
 
    @Override
    public Payment getPaymentById(Long id){
        return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
    }
}

controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;
 
    @PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
    public CommonResult create(@RequestBody Payment payment){
        int result = paymentService.create(payment);
        log.info("***********插入结果："+result);
 
        if (result > 0){
            return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据库成功",result);
        }else {
            return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库失败",null);
        }
    }
 
    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
        log.info("***********查询结果："+payment+"\t"+"oo哈哈");
 
        if (payment!=null){
            return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功",payment);
        }else {
            return new CommonResult(444,"查询失败",null);
        }
    }
}

使用Postman测试：http://localhost:8001/payment/get/31
返回JSON数据：{“code”:200,“message”:“查询成功,serverPort:8001”,“data”:{“id”:31,“serial”:“尚硅谷”}}

热部署配置devtools

效果：代码改动后自动生效，不用重新运行；重点：热部署只允许在开发阶段使用
第一步：

往springcloud的微服务模块的POM添加【引入jar包】：上面也已经添加好了.
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
	<scope>runtime</scope>
	<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

第二步：
往springcloud的父工程的POM添加【添加插件】：上面也已经添加好了.

<build>
	<plugins>
		<plugin>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
			<configuration>
			<fork>true</fork>
			<addResources>true</addResources>
			</configuration>
		</plugin>
	</plugins>
</build>

第三步：
往idea的settings里面在File | Settings | Build, Execution, Deployment | Compiler
勾选A、D、B、C
在这里插入图片描述
第四步：
开启idea热部署快捷键 Ctrl+shift+Alt+/ 选第一个 1 Registry… 进入，
勾选
Compiler.automake.allow.when.app.running 和 actionSystem.assertFocusAccessFromEdt

第五步
重启Idea

2、消费者订单Module模块80

新建模块cloud-consumer-order80

消费者现在只模拟调用提供者的Controller方法，没有持久层配置，只有Controller和实体类
当然也要配置主启动类和启动端口

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
 
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-order80</artifactId>
 
    <dependencies>
        <!-- 引入sleuth + zipkin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--eureka-client-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
<!--        <dependency>-->
<!--            &lt;!&ndash; 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity &ndash;&gt;-->
<!--            <groupId>springcloud</groupId>-->
<!--            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>-->
<!--            <version>${project.version}</version>-->
<!--        </dependency>-->
 
        <!--热部署-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

application.yml

 server:
  port: 80

主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderMain80 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class,args);
    }
}

实体类

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    private long id;
    private String serial;
}

返回给前端的通用json数据串

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private T data;
 
    public CommonResult(Integer code, String message) {
        this(code, message, null);
    }
}

RestTemplate介绍

RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法，是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类，是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集。

官网地址
https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.2.2.RELEASE/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplate.html

使用
使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴无脑。(url, requestMap, ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表 REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型。

config配置类

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

controller

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class OrderController {
    //远程调用的地址
    public static final String PAYMENT_URL="http://localhost:8001";
    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @PostMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
    public CommonResult<Payment> create(@RequestBody Payment payment){
        return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/create",//请求地址
                                                payment,//请求参数
                                                CommonResult.class);//返回类型
    }
    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id")Long id){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/get/"+id,//请求地址
                                            CommonResult.class);//返回类型
    }
}

使用Postman测试：http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/31
返回JSON数据：{“code”:200,“message”:“查询成功,serverPort:8001”,“data”:{“id”:31,“serial”:“尚硅谷”}}

3、工程重构

系统中有重复部分
新建模块cloud-api-commons
pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 这个是新添加的，之前没用到，后面会用到。关于这个hutool 是个功能强大的工具包，官网：https://hutool.cn/ -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

实体类

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    private long id;
    private String serial;
}

CommonResult通用封装类

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    private long id;
    private String serial;
}

maven命令clean install
在这里插入图片描述
订单80和支付8001分别改造，删除各自的原先有过的entities文件夹，分别粘贴

<dependency>
     <groupId>springcloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
     <version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>