[1]. Kairouz, Peter, et al. “Advances and open problems in federated learning.” Foundations and trends® in machine learning 14.1–2 (2021): 1-210.
[2]. Wang, Hui-Po, et al. “ProgFed: effective, communication, and computation efficient federated learning by progressive training.” International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 2022.
M ( ⋅ , x ) : R n → R k \mathcal{M}(\cdot,\mathbf{x})\colon\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}^k M(⋅,x):Rn→Rk:模型;
x ∈ R d \mathbf{x}\in\mathbb{R}^d x∈Rd:模型参数,权重;
M : = G S ∘ ◯ i = 1 S E i =