基于树莓派车牌识别门禁系统

前言

毕业设计想做一个集大学所自学过的所有语言，再加上嵌入式的完整应用类型。但由于疫情的原因，没办法完整的展现。不过中间还是自己一系列将前端、后端、前后端交互、数据库以及Android控制都整了一遍，还是受益匪浅。在此将经验分享出来顺便自己也留恋一下，止增消遣。

开发环境

在最初，本来想直接在树莓派上跑车牌识别的Python源码，但由于树莓派用的是3B型号的，要跑这种深度学习框架的东西内存不太够，即使改了特征参数还是容易崩掉，最后实在没办法就采用PC做主控端、树莓派做采集端的方案来做。后面发现这样搞还容易加web端这些后续拓展，这也算是曲线救国哈哈

1. 树莓派 ：3B加系统2019-09-26-raspbian-buster.img；
2. PC ：Visual studio2019；
3. 数据库： MySQL8.0版本；
4. HTML ：Adobe公司的DW；
5. 前后端交互： Flask框架+ajax轮询；
6. Android ：Android studio；
7. 车牌识别算法 ：OpenCV-4.1.0+Python3.7，具体参考大佬博客车牌号识别 python + opencv;
8. 深度学习训练样本 ：Anaconda3-2019.10-Windows-x86_64+tensorflow，具体参考大佬博客TensorFlow车牌识别完整版（含车牌数据集）。

源码

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/11HsGVzaFizBd-yzvfqK9gw
提取码：zxuv
具体的源码请看百度网盘下载，也在csdn里扔了一份。这里贴上一部分主要程序，可单独运行。
PC识别主控端：
1.surface.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import tkinter as tk
import urllib
from tkinter.filedialog import *
from tkinter import ttk
import predict
import cv2
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import threading
import time
import numpy as np
import urllib.request
import socket
import MySQLdb

# 用于显示的图片的路径
IMAGE_PATH = '.\\pic\\chepai.jpg'
host = "192.168.43.161:8080"# 对应树莓派上开启的地址
if len(sys.argv)>1:
    host = sys.argv[1]
hoststr = 'http://' + host + '/?action=stream'
print('Streaming ' + hoststr)

stream=urllib.request.urlopen(hoststr)
bytes=b''

class Surface(ttk.Frame):
	pic_path = ""
	viewhigh = 600
	viewwide = 600
	update_time = 0
	thread = None
	thread_run = False
	camera = None
	color_transform = {"green":("绿牌","#55FF55"), "yello":("黄牌","#FFFF00"), "blue":("蓝牌","#6666FF")}
		
	def __init__(self, win):
		ttk.Frame.__init__(self, win)
		frame_left = ttk.Frame(self)
		frame_right1 = ttk.Frame(self)
		frame_right2 = ttk.Frame(self)
		win.title("车牌识别")
		win.state("zoomed")
		self.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES, padx="5", pady="5")
		frame_left.pack(side=LEFT,expand=1,fill=BOTH)
		frame_right1.pack(side=TOP,expand=1,fill=tk.Y)
		frame_right2.pack(side=RIGHT,expand=0)
		ttk.Label(frame_left, text='原图：').pack(anchor="nw") 
		ttk.Label(frame_right1, text='车牌位置：').grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=tk.W)
		
		from_pic_ctl = ttk.Button(frame_right2, text="来自图片", width=20, command=self.from_pic)
		from_vedio_ctl = ttk.Button(frame_right2, text="来自摄像头", width=20, command=self.from_vedio)
		self.image_ctl = ttk.Label(frame_left)
		self.image_ctl.pack(anchor="nw")
		
		self.roi_ctl = ttk.Label(frame_right1)
		self.roi_ctl.grid(column=0, row=1, sticky=tk.W)
		ttk.Label(frame_right1, text='识别结果：').grid(column=0, row=2, sticky=tk.W)
		self.r_ctl = ttk.Label(frame_right1, text="")
		self.r_ctl.grid(column=0, row=3, sticky=tk.W)
		self.color_ctl = ttk.Label(frame_right1, text="", width="20")
		self.color_ctl.grid(column=0, row=4, sticky=tk.W)
		from_vedio_ctl.pack(anchor="se", pady="5")
		from_pic_ctl.pack(anchor="se", pady="5")
		self.predictor = predict.CardPredictor()
		self.predictor.train_svm()
		
	def get_imgtk(self, img_bgr):
		img = cv2.cvtColor(img_bgr, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
		im = Image.fromarray(img)
		imgtk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=im)
		wide = imgtk.width()
		high = imgtk.height()
		if wide > self.viewwide or high > self.viewhigh:
			wide_factor = self.viewwide / wide
			high_factor = self.viewhigh / high
			factor = min(wide_factor, high_factor)
			wide = int(wide * factor)
			if wide <= 0 : wide = 1
			high = int(high * factor)
			if high <= 0 : high = 1
			im=im.resize((wide, high), Image.ANTIALIAS)
			imgtk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=im)
		return imgtk
	
	def show_roi(self, r, roi, color):
		if r :

			roi = cv2.cvtColor(roi, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
			roi = Image.fromarray(roi)
			self.imgtk_roi = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=roi)
			self.roi_ctl.configure(image=self.imgtk_roi, state='enable')
			self.r_ctl.configure(text=str(r))
			self.update_time = time.time()
			try:
				c = self.color_transform[color]
				self.color_ctl.configure(text=c[0], background=c[1], state='enable')
			except: 
				self.color_ctl.configure(state='disabled')
		elif self.update_time + 8 < time.time():
			self.roi_ctl.configure(state='disabled')
			self.r_ctl.configure(text="")
			self.color_ctl.configure(state='disabled')
		
	def from_vedio(self):
		if self.thread_run:
			return
		if self.camera is None:
			self.camera = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
			if not self.camera.isOpened():
				mBox.showwarning('警告', '摄像头打开失败！')
				self.camera = None
				return
		self.thread = threading.Thread(target=self.vedio_thread, args=(self,bytes))
		self.thread.setDaemon(True)
		self.thread.start()
		self.thread_run = True
		
	def from_pic(self):
		self.thread_run = False
		self.pic_path = askopenfilename(title="选择识别图片", filetypes=[("jpg图片", "*.jpg")])
		if self.pic_path:
			img_bgr = predict.imreadex(self.pic_path)
			self.imgtk = self.get_imgtk(img_bgr)
			self.image_ctl.configure(image=self.imgtk)
			r, roi, color = self.predictor.predict(img_bgr)
			combine(r)
			self.show_roi(r, roi, color)
			

	@staticmethod
	def vedio_thread(self,bytes):
		self.thread_run = True
		predict_time = time.time()
		while self.thread_run:
			# _, img_bgr = self.camera.read()
			# self.imgtk = self.get_imgtk(img_bgr)
			# self.image_ctl.configure(image=self.imgtk)
			# if time.time() - predict_time > 2:
			# 	r, roi, color = self.predictor.predict(img_bgr)
			# 	self.show_roi(r, roi, color)
			# 	predict_time = time.time()
			bytes += stream.read(1024)
			a = bytes.find(b'\xff\xd8')
			b = bytes.find(b'\xff\xd9')
			if a != -1 and b != -1:
				jpg = bytes[a:b + 2]
				bytes = bytes[b + 2:]
				# flags = 1 for color image
				# 来自网页的摄像头数据
				frame = cv2.imdecode(np.fromstring(jpg, dtype=np.uint8), flags=1)
				self.imgtk = self.get_imgtk(frame)
				self.image_ctl.configure(image=self.imgtk)
				if time.time() - predict_time > 2:
					r, roi, color = self.predictor.predict(frame)
					if len(r):
						print('OK')
						combine(r)
						cv2.imwrite(IMAGE_PATH, frame)	# 保存当前识别的图片
						image = cv2.imread(IMAGE_PATH)
						cv2.imshow('img', image)
						self.show_roi(r, roi, color)  
						cv2.waitKey()
						
					predict_time = time.time()
		print("run end")
		
		
def close_window():
	print("destroy")
	if surface.thread_run :
		surface.thread_run = False
		surface.thread.join(2.0)
	win.destroy()

def combine(r):
	# 把数组中的字组合起来
	result = ""
	for data in r:
		result += data
	send_message(result)
	send_mysql(result)

def send_message(result):
	try:
		print('result:', result)
		if result:
			client.send(result.encode(encoding='utf-8'))  # 不能发空的东西,需要变成utf-8编码形式
			print('OK')
	except Exception:
		client.close()

def send_mysql(result):
	if result:
		print('OK5')
		#连接
		cxn = MySQLdb.Connect(host = '127.0.0.1', port = 3306, user = 'root', passwd = '12345678', charset="utf8")
		#游标
		cur = cxn.cursor()
		cur.execute("USE che1") #首先得运行mysql.py 或者直接在MySQL上创建表
		#查询
		cur.execute("SELECT * FROM users where name='{}'".format(result))#定义查询

		items =cur.fetchall() #获取查询到数据
		#将结果集强转为list
		items = list(items)
		fw=open('F:\\python\\web端\\flaskweb\\flaskweb\\web.txt','w') #对应web端的直接路径
		for t in items:
			fw.write(' '.join(str(s) for s in t) + '\n')
		fw.close()
		#print("保存文件成功")
		#关闭
		cur.close()#关闭游标
		cxn.commit()#提交事务
		cxn.close()#释放数据库资源在这里插入代码片


if __name__ == '__main__':
	client = socket.socket()  # 有一些默认参数，即可使用ipv4，这一句是声明socket类型和返回socket连接对象
	client.connect(("192.168.43.161", 12348))
	win = tk.Tk()
	surface = Surface(win)
	win.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', close_window)
	win.mainloop()

2.predict.py参照之前大佬博客，定位矫正切割识别这部分就改参数，其他不改动
3.mysql.py

import MySQLdb

#连接
cxn = MySQLdb.Connect(host = '127.0.0.1', port = 3306, user = 'root', passwd = '12345678', charset="utf8")
#游标
cur = cxn.cursor()

try:
    cur.execute("DROP DATABASE che1")
except Exception as e:
    print(e)
finally:
    pass

#创建数据库
cur.execute("CREATE DATABASE che1")
cur.execute("USE che1")

#创建表
cur.execute("CREATE TABLE users (id INT, name VARCHAR(255), username VARCHAR(255), sex VARCHAR(10), birth TIMESTAMP, telephone VARCHAR(20))")
#插入
cur.execute("INSERT INTO users VALUES(1, '闽A77518', '李明', '男', '1993-06-05 15:20:00', 13758546621),(2, '皖A87271', '张三', '女', '1993-04-03', 15487596721)")
#查询
cur.execute("SELECT * FROM users where name='闽A77518'")
for row in cur.fetchall():
    print('%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s' %row)

#关闭
cur.close()
cxn.commit()
cxn.close()

web端
1.flaskweb.py

# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_

import cv2
from flask import Flask, render_template

# 用于显示的图片的路径
IMAGE_PATH = '.\\static\\img\\chepai.jpg'

app = Flask(__name__)	#程序实例是Flask的对象，一般情况下用如下方法实例化，Flask类只有一个必须指定的参数，即程序主模块或者包的名字，__name__是系统变量，该变量指的是本py文件的文件名"""


@app.route("/")	#当与前端约定好路由接口路径时会自动执行下方的index函数
def index():
	
	return render_template("index.html")	#将参数返回到index.html里

@app.route("/charts/")
def charts():
	
	return render_template("charts.html")

@app.route("/faq/")
def faq():
	
	return render_template("faq.html")

@app.route("/grid/")
def grid():
	
	return render_template("grid.html")

@app.route("/test",methods=['GET'])	#与ajax方法的url协定统一路径，使用get无加密方法
def test():
	fw=open('web.txt','r')
	da = fw.read()   #读取文件
	#print(d)
	if da.strip()=='':
		da=('数据库中未有信息')
		#print(d)
	return da

if __name__ == '__main__':
	app.run(
      host='192.168.43.161',	#本地IP
      port= 2222,	#端口号
    )

2.同目录下templates文件夹下html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>车牌识别门禁系统</title>
    
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />    
    
    
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/bootstrap-responsive.min.css') }}">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/font-awesome.css') }}">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/adminia.css') }}">
    
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/bootstrap.min.css') }}">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/pages/plans.css') }}">
    
    
    

  <!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
  <!--[if lt IE 9]>
      <script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
	
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
  	<script language="javascript">
		//页面加载调用
        window.onload=function(){
         //每1秒刷新时间
        setInterval("NowTime()",1000);
            }

		function NowTime(){
                var myDate=new Date();
                var y = myDate.getFullYear();
                var M = myDate.getMonth()+1;     //获取当前月份(0-11,0代表1月)
                var d = myDate.getDate();        //获取当前日(1-31)
                var h = myDate.getHours();       //获取当前小时数(0-23)
                var m = myDate.getMinutes();     //获取当前分钟数(0-59)
                var s = myDate.getSeconds();     //获取当前秒数(0-59)
                
                //检查是否小于10
                M=check(M);
                d=check(d);
                h=check(h);
                m=check(m);
                s=check(s);
                var timestr = y+"-"+M+"-"+d+" "+h+":"+m+":"+s;
                document.getElementById("nowtime").innerHTML="当前时间：" + timestr;
            }
            //时间数字小于10，则在之前加个“0”补位。
            function check(i){
                var num = (i<10)?("0"+i) : i;
                return num;
            }
	</script>
  </head>

<body>
	
<div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
	
	<div class="navbar-inner">
		
		<div class="container">
			
			<a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse"> 
				<span class="icon-bar"></span> 
				<span class="icon-bar"></span> 
				<span class="icon-bar"></span> 				
			</a>
			
			<a class="brand" href="./">车牌识别门禁系统web端</a>
			
		</div> <!-- /container -->
		
	</div> <!-- /navbar-inner -->
	
</div> <!-- /navbar -->




<div id="content">
	
	<div class="container">
		
		<div class="row">
			
			<div class="span3">
				
				<div class="account-container">
				
					<div class="account-avatar">
						<img src="{{ url_for('static', filename='img/headshot.png') }}" alt="" class="thumbnail" />
					</div> <!-- /account-avatar -->
				
					<div class="account-details">
					
						<span class="account-name">引觞垂月</span>
						
						<span class="account-role">人间清欢不觉淡 谁知其味漫</span>
					
					</div> <!-- /account-details -->
				
				</div> <!-- /account-container -->
				
				<hr />				
				<ul id="main-nav" class="nav nav-tabs nav-stacked">	
					<li>
						<a href="./">
							<i class="icon-home"></i>
							首页 			
						</a>
					</li>
					<li>
						<a href="/charts/">
							<i class="icon-signal"></i>
							图片	
						</a>
					</li>
					<li>
						<a href="/faq/">
							<i class="icon-th-list"></i>
							视频
						</a>
					</li>
					<li>
						<a href="/grid">
							<i class="icon-th-large"></i>
							历史文学	
						</a>
					</li>
					<li>	
							<i class="icon-home"></i>
							目的：			
					</li>
				</ul>	
				<hr />
				
				<div class="sidebar-extra">
					<p>将车牌识别结果导入数据库里查询车主信息</p>
				</div> <!-- .sidebar-extra -->
				<br />
		
			</div> <!-- /span3 -->
			
			
			
			<div class="span9">
				
				<h1 class="page-title">
					<i class="icon-th-list"></i>
					车主信息					
				</h1>
				
				
				
				
				
				
				<div class="widget">
					
					<div class="widget-header">
						<h3>对应信息为：	序号 车牌号 车主名  性别     出生时间      联系方式</h3>
					</div> <!-- /widget-header -->
														
					<div class="widget-content">
						
						<div class="pricing-plans plans-3">
							<div id="ajaxDiv" style="margin-top: 20px"></div>
	
						</div> <!-- /pricing-plans -->
										
					</div> <!-- /widget-content -->
					
				</div> <!-- /widget -->
				
				
				
				
				<div class="widget">
					
					<div class="widget-header">
						<h3>时间</h3>
					</div> <!-- /widget-header -->
														
					<div class="widget-content">
						
						<div id="nowtime">在这里显示时间</div>
					</div> <!-- /widget-content -->
					
				</div> <!-- /widget -->
				
				
				
			</div> <!-- /span9 -->
			
			
		</div> <!-- /row -->
		
	</div> <!-- /container -->
	
</div> <!-- /content -->


<!-- Le javascript
================================================== -->
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
<script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='js/jquery-1.7.2.min.js') }}"></script>

<script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='js/bootstrap.js') }}"></script>

  </body>
</html>



<script type="text/javascript">
	setInterval(function(){
		$.ajax({
			type:"get",
			dataType:'text',
			url:"/test",
			cache:false,
			success:function(data){
				$("#ajaxDiv").html(data);
			},
			error:function(){
				 alert("失败，请稍后再试！");
			}
		});
	},1000);

</script>

树莓派上运行rpi.py

import socket
import tkinter as tk
import threading
import MySQLdb
import RPi.GPIO
import time

time_out=5
RELAY=18

def get_message(conn):
    while True:
        data = conn.recv(1024)
        #if not data :
            #print('this user is end,exit!\n next user')
            #break
        if data:
            print('data:',data.decode())
            var.set(data.decode())
            l = tk.Label(win,textvariable=var,font=('Arial', 30),width=30,height=10).pack(side='right')#         
            
            #连接
            cxn = MySQLdb.Connect(host = '127.0.0.1', port = 3306, user = 'root', passwd = '123456', charset="utf8")
            #游标
            cur = cxn.cursor()
            cur.execute("USE che1")
            #查询
            cur.execute("SELECT * FROM users where name='{}'".format(data.decode()))#定义查询
            d=cur.fetchall()  #fetchall：接收全部的返回结果行
            if len(d)>0:
                RPi.GPIO.setmode(RPi.GPIO.BCM)
                RPi.GPIO.setup(RELAY,RPi.GPIO.OUT)
                RPi.GPIO.output(RELAY,RPi.GPIO.HIGH)
                time.sleep(time_out)
                RPi.GPIO.output(RELAY,RPi.GPIO.LOW)
                time.sleep(time_out)
                RPi.GPIO.cleanup()
            #关闭
            cur.close()
            cxn.commit()
            cxn.close()

server = socket.socket()
server.bind(("192.168.43.197",12348)) #绑定要监听的端口port
server.listen(5) # 监听，这里表示最多有5个客户端连接服务器，python2不好使
print('waiting the call')
conn,addr = server.accept() # 等电话打进来，每个conn代表一个客户端的连接
print(conn)
print('the call has comming')

thread = threading.Thread(target = get_message, args = (conn, ))
thread.start()

win = tk.Tk()
win.title('chepai')
win.geometry('960x800')
tk.Label(win, text='车牌号',font=('Arial', 30),width=30,height=10).pack(side='left')#左
var = tk.StringVar()

win.mainloop()

Android通过tcp/ip控制gpio从而控制继电器，源码就不贴了，需要的可以去链接下了看看

硬件

1、Raspberry Pi 3B 嵌入式开发板（系统烧写、配置、驱动）
2、7 寸 LCD 触摸屏
3、CSI 摄像头模块（用USB摄像头也行）
4、继电器模块

效果演示

具体效果视频是当时线上答辩演示时拍的，放在b站上。由于懒写论文就没加Android手动控制，反正也无伤大雅 演示视频.

就后面增加的Android就是类似聊天框通信的那种，很简单界面布置，就当测试用。切记，本人比较懒，IP写死了，需要同一局域网下。
界面如下

后记

前后大概用了20多天的时间，后面会陆续将每天的工作日记写上来。如果有什么错误或者问题，我应该大部分都有遇到，希望能解决各位心中的疑惑。本来想做到服务器上的，可惜腾讯云太坑了硬是域名解析不了，虽说这个东西只需要到本地局域网就可以了但还是很想过个瘾，只能说小小的遗憾咯~
最后，七夕到处浪，写博客它不香吗
人间清欢不觉淡，谁知其味漫，各位七夕快乐！