python pandas入门（2）

#_*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['foo', 'bar', 'foo', 'bar','foo', 'bar', 'foo', 'foo'],
                   'B': ['one', 'one', 'two', 'three','two', 'two', 'one', 'three'],
                   'C': np.random.randn(8),
                   'D': np.random.randn(8)})
#分组（Grouping）
print(df.groupby('A').describe())
print(df.groupby(['A','B']).describe())
#               C                      ...         D
#           count      mean       std  ...       50%       75%       max
# A   B                                ...
# bar one     1.0  1.635945       NaN  ... -2.127976 -2.127976 -2.127976
#     three   1.0 -1.323161       NaN  ... -1.473265 -1.473265 -1.473265
#     two     1.0 -0.273423       NaN  ... -0.635216 -0.635216 -0.635216
# foo one     2.0  0.413473  0.268983  ...  0.443146  0.558410  0.673674
#     three   1.0 -1.413352       NaN  ... -0.902088 -0.902088 -0.902088
#     two     2.0 -0.081993  1.494454  ... -0.481973 -0.429782 -0.377591
#数据透视表（Pivot Tables）
print(pd.pivot_table(df,values=['C','D'],index='A',columns='B'))
#             C                             D
# B         one     three       two       one     three       two
# A
# bar  1.635945 -1.323161 -0.273423 -2.127976 -1.473265 -0.635216
# foo  0.413473 -1.413352 -0.081993  0.443146 -0.902088 -0.481973
#时间序列(TimeSeries)
#开始时pandas频率为10S,这样有100条数据，当将时间频率转换为5分钟后，有4条数据。
rng = pd.date_range('1/1/2021', periods=100, freq='10S')
ts = pd.Series(np.random.randint(0, 500, len(rng)), index=rng)
tp = ts.resample('5Min').sum()
print(tp)
# 2021-01-01 00:00:00    6402
# 2021-01-01 00:05:00    6853
# 2021-01-01 00:10:00    7344
# 2021-01-01 00:15:00    3633
# Freq: 5T, dtype: int32
#时区转换
print(tp.tz_localize('UTC'))
print(tp.tz_localize('US/Eastern'))
#可视化
# ts = df.cumsum()
# df.plot()
# plt.show()
#数据输入 / 输出
df = df.set_index(df['A'])
df.to_csv('foo.csv')
df = pd.read_csv('foo.csv')
df.to_excel('foo.xlsx', sheet_name='Sheet1')
t = pd.read_excel('foo.xlsx', 'Sheet1', index_col='A', na_values=['NA'])