PAT A1060：Are They Equal之string处理函数

题目描述

1060 Are They Equal (25分)
If a machine can save only 3 significant digits, the float numbers 12300 and 12358.9 are considered equal since they are both saved as 0.123×10^5 with simple chopping. Now given the number of significant digits on a machine and two float numbers, you are supposed to tell if they are treated equal in that machine.

Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case which gives three numbers N, A and B, where N (<100) is the number of significant digits, and A and B are the two float numbers to be compared. Each float number is non-negative, no greater than 10^100, and that its total digit number is less than 100.

Output Specification:
For each test case, print in a line YES if the two numbers are treated equal,
and then the number in the standard form 0.d[1]…d[N]*10^k (d[1]>0 unless the number is 0); or NO if they are not treated equal, and then the two numbers in their standard form. All the terms must be separated by a space, with no extra space at the end of a line.

Note: Simple chopping is assumed without rounding.

Sample Input 1:

3 12300 12358.9

Sample Output 1:

YES 0.123*10^5

Sample Input 2:

3 120 128

Sample Output 2:

NO 0.12010^3 0.12810^3

求解思路

考察string有关的处理函数的使用
利用字符串处理函数获得去掉前导0和小数点，以及小数点后第一位非零数前的零得到的字符串，如果处理后的字符串长度大于n则截断，否则补0。将其表示成科学计数法即可

实现代码

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int n;
string deal(string s,int &eps)
{
	/*对字符串首先进行预处理*/
	int index=0;	//字符串索引
	/*去掉s的前导0*/
	while(s.length()>0&&s[0]=='0')
	{
		s.erase(s.begin());	
	}
	/*
		如果去掉前导0后是小数点，则说明s是小于1的小鼠
		去掉小数点，并且去掉一位小数点后非零位前的所有零 
		每去掉一个零，指数e减1 
		*/ 
	if(s[0]=='.')
	{
		s.erase(s.begin());
		while(s.length()>0&&s[0]=='0')
		{
			s.erase(s.begin());
			eps--;
		}
	}
	/*
	如果去掉前导0后不是小数点，则找到后面的饿小数点进行删除 
	在寻找小数点的循环中，只要没有遇到小数点，就让指数eps++
	如果while结束后index<s.length()，说明遇到了小数点，把小数点删除即可 
	*/
	else
	{
		while(index<s.length()&&s[index]!='.')
		{
			index++;
			eps++;
		}
		if(index<s.length())
			s.erase(s.begin()+index);
	}
	/*如果去除前导0后s的长度变为0，则说明这个数是0*/
	if(s.length()==0)	eps=0;
	
	/*处理字符串*/
	int i=0;
	index=0;
	string out;
	/*只要精度还没有到n，只要还有数字就添加到out末尾，否则out末尾添加0*/
	while(i<n)
	{
		if(index<s.length())
			out+=s[index++];
		else out+='0';
		i++;
	}
	return out;
}
void solve()
{
	string s1,s2,s3,s4;
	cin>>n>>s1>>s2;
	int e1=0,e2=0;
	s3=deal(s1,e1);
	s4=deal(s2,e2);
	if(s3==s4&&e1==e2)
		cout<<"YES 0."<<s3<<"*10^"<<e1<<endl;
	else cout<<"NO 0."<<s3<<"*10^"<<e1<<" 0."<<s4<<"*10^"<<e2<<endl;
}
int main()
{
	solve();
	return 0;	
}