DI依赖注入的方法

6、DI依赖注入

6.1、构造器注入

    <bean id="user" class="com.maple.pojo.User">
        <!--第一种下标赋值-->
        <constructor-arg index="0" value="maple"/>
    </bean>

6.2、set方式注入【重点】

• 依赖注入：Set注入
  • 依赖：bean对象的创建依赖于容器！
  • 注入：bean对象中的所有属性，由容器注入！

【环境搭建】

1.复杂类型

public class Address {
    private String address;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
}

2.真实测试对象

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbies;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;

    public Student() {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbies() {
        return hobbies;
    }

    public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
        this.hobbies = hobbies;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }
}

3.beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

    <bean id="student" class="com.maple.pojo.Student">
        <!--普通值注入-->
        <property name="name" value="maple"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

4.测试类

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student.getName());
    }
}

完善注入信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

    <bean id="address" class="com.maple.pojo.Address">
        <property name="address" value="西安"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="student" class="com.maple.pojo.Student">
        <!--第一普通值注入-->
        <property name="name" value="maple"/>
        <!--第二，bean注入，ref-->
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>
        <!--数组注入，ref-->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>红楼梦</value>
                <value>三国演义</value>
                <value>水浒传</value>
                <value>西游记</value>
            </array>
        </property>

        <!--list-->
        <property name="hobbies">
            <list>
                <value>听歌</value>
                <value>打篮球</value>
                <value>玩游戏</value>
            </list>
        </property>

        <!--map-->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证" value="111111111111"/>
                <entry key="银行卡" value="222222222222"/>
            </map>
        </property>
        <!--set-->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>lol</value>
                <value>cf</value>
            </set>
        </property>
        <!--null-->
        <property name="wife">
            <null/>
        </property>

        <!--properties-->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="学号">12345678</prop>
                <prop key="性别">男</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

6.3、其他注入

1.p命名空间和c命名空间

userBean.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

    <!--p命名空间注入，可以直接注入属性的值-->
    <bean id="user" class="com.maple.pojo.User" p:name="maple" p:age="18"/>
    <!--c命名空间注入，可以通过构造器参数-->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.maple.pojo.User" c:name="mapel1" c:age="20"/>


</beans>

User

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

测试

    @Test
    public void test02(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userBean.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
        System.out.println(user.toString());
    }

注意点：p命名和c命名空间不能直接使用，需要导入xml约束！

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"

6.4、bean的作用域

Scope	Description
singleton	(Default) Scopes a single bean definition to a single object instance for each Spring IoC container.
prototype	Scopes a single bean definition to any number of object instances.
request	Scopes a single bean definition to the lifecycle of a single HTTP request. That is, each HTTP request has its own instance of a bean created off the back of a single bean definition. Only valid in the context of a web-aware Spring ApplicationContext.
session	Scopes a single bean definition to the lifecycle of an HTTP Session. Only valid in the context of a web-aware Spring ApplicationContext.
application	Scopes a single bean definition to the lifecycle of a ServletContext. Only valid in the context of a web-aware Spring ApplicationContext.
websocket	Scopes a single bean definition to the lifecycle of a WebSocket. Only valid in the context of a web-aware Spring ApplicationContext.

1.单例模式（Spring的默认）

    <bean id="address" class="com.maple.pojo.Address" scope="singleton">

2.原型模式：每次从容器中get的时候，都会产生一个新对象

<bean id="accountService" class="com.something.DefaultAccountService" scope="prototype"/>

3.其余的request、Session、application、这些个只能在web中使用