Spring5-DI(Dependency Injection)依赖注入

1 构造器注入

constructor-arg，前面已经论述

2 Set方式注入[重点]

• 依赖注入：Set注入

  • 依赖：bean对象的创建依赖于容器
  • 注入：bean对象中的所有属性，由容器来注入

[环境搭建]

2.1 复杂类型

package com.kwok.pojo;

public class Address {
    private String address;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Address{" +
                "address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

2.2 真实测试对象

package com.kwok.pojo;

import java.util.*;

public class Student {

    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbys;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbys() {
        return hobbys;
    }

    public void setHobbys(List<String> hobbys) {
        this.hobbys = hobbys;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address=" + address.toString() +
                ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                ", hobbys=" + hobbys +
                ", card=" + card +
                ", games=" + games +
                ", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
                ", info=" + info +
                '}';
    }
}

2.3 beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="address" class="com.kwok.pojo.Address">
        <property name="address" value="上海"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="student" class="com.kwok.pojo.Student">
        <!--第一种，普通值注入，value-->
        <property name="name" value="剑圣"/>
        <!--第二种，Bean注入，ref-->
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>
        <!--第三种，数组注入-->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>红楼梦</value>
                <value>西游记</value>
                <value>水浒传</value>
                <value>三国演义</value>
            </array>
        </property>
        <!--第四种，List注入-->
        <property name="hobbys">
            <list>
                <value>听歌</value>
                <value>敲代码</value>
                <value>看电影</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <!--第五种，Map注入-->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证" value="520"/>
                <entry key="银行卡" value="88888888"/>
            </map>
        </property>
        <!--第六种，Set注入-->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>LOL</value>
                <value>ES5</value>
            </set>
        </property>
        <!--第七种，null注入-->
        <property name="wife">
            <null/>
        </property>
        <!--第八种，Properties注入-->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="学号">20190525</prop>
                <prop key="性别">男</prop>
                <prop key="姓名">小明</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

2.4 测试类

	@Test
    public void getStudent(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student.toString());
        /*
            Student{
            name='剑圣', 
            address=Address{address='上海'}, 
            books=[红楼梦, 西游记, 水浒传, 三国演义], 
            hobbys=[听歌, 敲代码, 看电影], 
            card={身份证=520, 银行卡=88888888}, 
            games=[LOL, ES5], 
            wife='null', 
            info={姓名=小明, 学号=20190525, 性别=男}
            } 
        */
    }

3 拓展方式注入

我们可以使用p命名空间和c命名空间进行注入
p命名：取代property
c命名：取代constructor-arg

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--p命名空间注入，可以直接注入属性的值-->
    <bean id="user" class="com.kwok.pojo.User" p:name="翠花" p:age="18"/>
    <!--c命名空间注入，通过构造器注入：construct-args-->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.kwok.pojo.User" c:name="二狗" c:age="19"/>



</beans>

测试：

	@Test
    public void getUser(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userbeans.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
        User user2 = (User) context.getBean("user2");
        System.out.println(user.toString());
        System.out.println(user2.toString());
    }

注意点：

p命名和c命名空间不能直接使用，需要导入xml约束！

	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
  xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"

4 Bean的作用域

4.1 单例模式(Spring默认机制)

bean一旦设置，所有取出的类都是同一个

    <bean id="user2" class="com.kwok.pojo.User" c:name="二狗" c:age="19" scope="singleton"/>

4.2 原型模式：每次从容器中get的时候，都会产生一个新对象！

    <bean id="user2" class="com.kwok.pojo.User" c:name="二狗" c:age="19" scope="prototype"/>

4.3 其余request,session，application这些只能在web开发中使用到。