怎样为Balances设置Genesis

Genesis 配置定义了诸如帐户、余额、自定义托盘的 Genesis 等事物的初始状态。接下来一起看看使用 2 个简单的存储项目配置pallet的Genesis。

在pallet中实施Genesis

为了我们的目的,假设已经有了 <SingleValue<T>> 和 <AccountMap<T>>。

例如:

#[pallet::storage]

#[pallet::getter(fn something)]

pub type SingleValue<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, T::Balance>;

// A map that has enumerable entries.

#[pallet::storage]

#[pallet::getter(fn accounts)]

pub type AccountMap<T: Config> = StorageMap<_, Blake2_128Concat, T::AccountId, T::Balance>;

GenesisConfig 代码应该紧随storage items后面。

1. 使用 #[pallet::genesis_config] 属性, 为pallet编写 GenesisConfig struct 。

   #[pallet::genesis_config]
   
   pub struct GenesisConfig<T: Config> {
   
   pub single_value: T::Balance,
   
   pub account_map: Vec<(T::AccountId, T::Balance)>,
   
   }
   

2. 为 GenesisConfig struct设置默认值.

   #[cfg(feature = "std")]
   impl<T: Config> Default for GenesisConfig<T> {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self { single_value: Default::default(), account_map: Default::default() }
     }
   }
   

3. 使用 #[pallet::genesis_build] 属性, 实现 GenesisBuild trait。

   #[pallet::genesis_build]
   impl<T: Config> GenesisBuild<T> for GenesisConfig<T> {
     fn build(&self) {
         <SingleValue<T>>::put(&self.single_value);
         for (a, b) in &self.account_map {
             <AccountMap<T>>::insert(a, b);
         }
     }
   }
   

   这允许执行一些逻辑来定义GenesisConfig结构如何将一些内容放入到storage中。

设置节点的链规范

接下来要做的是指定我们想要放进链的Genesis state中的值。 假设 pallet 叫做 pallet_something, 声明 PalletSomething 在runtime的construct_runtime! 宏中。

1. 在node/chain_spec.rs, 创建一个 T::Balance 类型的值储存在 <SingleValue<T>>中。

   const VALUE: Balance = 235813;
   

   注意，在chain_spec.rs的顶部导入了node_template_runtime::Balance

2. 创建一个vector并初始化账户信息。

   let accounts_to_map: Vec<AccountId> =
     vec![
         get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Alice"),
         get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Bob"),
         get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Charlie"),
     ];
   

3. 在 testnet_genesis中完成 GenesisConfig 。

   通常我们在 runtime/src/lib.rs 里的 construct_runtime!中，使用pallet名称的小写拼写。例如声明为CamelCase的pallet，通常在 testnet_genesis 函数中称其为 camel_case。

   在我们的例子中:

   pallet_something: PalletSomethingConfig {
     single_value: VALUE,
     account_map: accounts_to_map.iter().cloned().map(|x| (x, VALUE)).collect(),
   }
   

   在上边的代码中，我们把accounts_to_map 中每个账户和VALUE映射到一起。这和Balances pallet的 GenesisConfig实现非常相似。

实例

• Node template chain_spec.rs

use node_template_runtime::{
    AccountId, AuraConfig, BalancesConfig, GenesisConfig, GrandpaConfig, Signature, SudoConfig,
    SystemConfig, WASM_BINARY,
};
use sc_service::ChainType;
use sp_consensus_aura::sr25519::AuthorityId as AuraId;
use sp_core::{sr25519, Pair, Public};
use sp_finality_grandpa::AuthorityId as GrandpaId;
use sp_runtime::traits::{IdentifyAccount, Verify};

// The URL for the telemetry server.
// const STAGING_TELEMETRY_URL: &str = "wss://telemetry.polkadot.io/submit/";

/// Specialized `ChainSpec`. This is a specialization of the general Substrate ChainSpec type.
pub type ChainSpec = sc_service::GenericChainSpec<GenesisConfig>;

/// Generate a crypto pair from seed.
pub fn get_from_seed<TPublic: Public>(seed: &str) -> <TPublic::Pair as Pair>::Public {
    TPublic::Pair::from_string(&format!("//{}", seed), None)
        .expect("static values are valid; qed")
        .public()
}

type AccountPublic = <Signature as Verify>::Signer;

/// Generate an account ID from seed.
pub fn get_account_id_from_seed<TPublic: Public>(seed: &str) -> AccountId
where
    AccountPublic: From<<TPublic::Pair as Pair>::Public>,
{
    AccountPublic::from(get_from_seed::<TPublic>(seed)).into_account()
}

/// Generate an Aura authority key.
pub fn authority_keys_from_seed(s: &str) -> (AuraId, GrandpaId) {
    (get_from_seed::<AuraId>(s), get_from_seed::<GrandpaId>(s))
}

pub fn development_config() -> Result<ChainSpec, String> {
    let wasm_binary = WASM_BINARY.ok_or_else(|| "Development wasm not available".to_string())?;

    Ok(ChainSpec::from_genesis(
        // Name
        "Development",
        // ID
        "dev",
        ChainType::Development,
        move || {
            testnet_genesis(
                wasm_binary,
                // Initial PoA authorities
                vec![authority_keys_from_seed("Alice")],
                // Sudo account
                get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Alice"),
                // Pre-funded accounts
                vec![
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Alice"),
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Bob"),
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Alice//stash"),
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Bob//stash"),
                ],
                true,
            )
        },
        // Bootnodes
        vec![],
        // Telemetry
        None,
        // Protocol ID
        None,
        None,
        // Properties
        None,
        // Extensions
        None,
    ))
}

pub fn local_testnet_config() -> Result<ChainSpec, String> {
    let wasm_binary = WASM_BINARY.ok_or_else(|| "Development wasm not available".to_string())?;

    Ok(ChainSpec::from_genesis(
        // Name
        "Local Testnet",
        // ID
        "local_testnet",
        ChainType::Local,
        move || {
            testnet_genesis(
                wasm_binary,
                // Initial PoA authorities
                vec![authority_keys_from_seed("Alice"), authority_keys_from_seed("Bob")],
                // Sudo account
                get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Alice"),
                // Pre-funded accounts
                vec![
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Alice"),
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Bob"),
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Charlie"),
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Dave"),
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Eve"),
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Ferdie"),
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Alice//stash"),
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Bob//stash"),
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Charlie//stash"),
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Dave//stash"),
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Eve//stash"),
                    get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Ferdie//stash"),
                ],
                true,
            )
        },
        // Bootnodes
        vec![],
        // Telemetry
        None,
        // Protocol ID
        None,
        // Properties
        None,
        None,
        // Extensions
        None,
    ))
}

/// Configure initial storage state for FRAME modules.
fn testnet_genesis(
    wasm_binary: &[u8],
    initial_authorities: Vec<(AuraId, GrandpaId)>,
    root_key: AccountId,
    endowed_accounts: Vec<AccountId>,
    _enable_println: bool,
) -> GenesisConfig {
    GenesisConfig {
        system: SystemConfig {
            // Add Wasm runtime to storage.
            code: wasm_binary.to_vec(),
        },
        balances: BalancesConfig {
            // Configure endowed accounts with initial balance of 1 << 60.
            balances: endowed_accounts.iter().cloned().map(|k| (k, 1 << 60)).collect(),
        },
        aura: AuraConfig {
            authorities: initial_authorities.iter().map(|x| (x.0.clone())).collect(),
        },
        grandpa: GrandpaConfig {
            authorities: initial_authorities.iter().map(|x| (x.1.clone(), 1)).collect(),
        },
        sudo: SudoConfig {
            // Assign network admin rights.
            key: Some(root_key),
        },
        transaction_payment: Default::default(),
    }
}