1-4 EBO画矩形

前言

1. 本节绘制一个矩形
2. 矩形=两个三角形，因为openGL中都是用三角形（常用词三角化）来填充
3. 两个三角形 = 6个点。数组中会有重复数组

6点绘制	4点绘制

一、使用六点绘制

1. 6个点vertices

float vertices[] = {
	//右上三角形
	0.5f,0.5f,0.0f, //右上
	0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f,//右下
	-0.5f,0.5f,0.0f,//左上
	//左下三角形
	0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f,
	-0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f,
	-0.5f,0.5f,0.0f
	};

2. 重新绑定VAO，调用drawArray

 	glClearColor(0.f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    glUseProgram(shaderProgram);

    glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES,0,6);

解释：

1.glUseProgram(shaderProgram); - 是必备6个渲染器
2.glBindVertexArray(VAO)-将VAO重新绑定[VBO自动也加载上来了]
3.glDrawArrays – 画Arrays （VAO）

解释 VAO 和 VBO

1.VAO才是对象
2.VBO仅仅显存缓冲

3.非填充模式

设置填充模式 glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_LINE);

二、 EBO，使用四个点绘制

1. 概念
   EBO (Element Buffer object) == Index Buffer Object
   防止传入太多顶点，
2. 四个顶点

float vertices[] = {
	//右上三角形
	0.5f,0.5f,0.0f, //右上
	0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f,//右下
	-0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f,//左下
	-0.5f,0.5f,0.0f//左上
	}; //只有四个点了

//EBO
unsigned int indices[]={
0,1,3, //右上三角形 右上 - 右下 - 左上
1，2，3 //左下三角形  右下 - 左下-左上
}

2. 绘制EBO时

glDrawElement(GL_TRIANGLES,6,GL_UNSIGNED_INT,0/*indices*/)

三角形，6个索引，是int索引
当没有绑定EBO时，可以直接使用indices变量

3. 新建EBO、设置EBO数据

 GLuint EBO;
glGenBuffers(1,&EBO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,EBO);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(indices),indices,GL_STATIC_DRAW);

4. 一些概念说明
   1)Buffer-用来向目标类型中传送数据，并不是严格意义的对象
   2)两种buffer

buffer	说明
GL_ARRAY_BUFFER	就是顶点数组buffer（简单名称改为 Array–buffer）
GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER	序号数组buffer

5. 新建EBO代码

glGenBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER /GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER)
glBindBuffer(类型，VBO/EBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER /GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER)

必须指定类型，就是因为一个函数可以操作多种类型，必须走内部的switch
传入的数据是indices
GL_STATIC_DRAWA说明这个数据不长变，并且用来绘制的

1. VBO操作时，直接被VAO记录了指针位置了
2. EBO操作时，直接被VAO记录了地址
3. 区别 VBO解绑，不影响VAO
4. EBO解绑，VAO就找不到了
   从下图看，VAO才是真的对象，Buffer-仅仅是无法自解释的数据
   

三、代码

#include "axbopenglwidget.h"
#include <QOpenGLFunctions_3_3_Core>
#include <QDebug>
AXBOpenGLWidget::AXBOpenGLWidget(QWidget *parent):
    QOpenGLWidget(parent)
{

}

const char *vertexShaderSource =
   "#version 330 core \n"
   "layout(location=0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
   "void main()\n"
   "{\n"
   "gl_Position = vec4   (aPos.x,aPos.y,aPos.z,1.0f);\n"
   "}\n\0";

const char *fragmentShaderSource =
   "#version 330 core \n"
   "out vec4 FragColor;\n"
   "void main()\n"
   "{\n"
   "    FragColor = vec4 (1.0f,0.5f,0.2f,1.0f);\n"
   "}\n\0";


GLuint VBO, VAO,EBO;

//float vertices[]={
//    -0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f,
//    0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f,
//    0.0f,0.5f,0.0f
//};


//float vertices[] = {
   // //右上三角形
   // 0.5f,0.5f,0.0f, //右上
   // 0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f,//右下
   // -0.5f,0.5f,0.0f,//左上
   // //左下三角形
   // 0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f,
   // -0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f,
   // -0.5f,0.5f,0.0f
   // };

float vertices[] = {
    //右上三角形
    0.5f,0.5f,0.0f, //右上
    0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f,//右下
    -0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f,//左下
    -0.5f,0.5f,0.0f//左上
    }; //只有四个点了

//EBO
unsigned int indices[]=
{
    0,1,3, //右上三角形 右上 - 右下 - 左上
    1,2,3 //左下三角形  右下 - 左下-左上
};

 unsigned int shaderProgram;

void AXBOpenGLWidget::initializeGL()
{
    initializeOpenGLFunctions();

    glGenVertexArrays(1,&VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1,&VBO);

       //绑定VBO和VAO对象
       glBindVertexArray(VAO);
       glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,VBO);

       //如果data不是空的，则使用此数据初始化数据存储，跨域内存-显存
       glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(vertices),vertices,GL_STATIC_DRAW);

       //告知显卡如何解析缓冲力的属性值
       glVertexAttribPointer(0,3,GL_FLOAT,GL_FALSE,3*sizeof(float),(void*)0);

       //开启VAO管理第一个属性值
       glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

       glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,0);



       glGenBuffers(1,&EBO);
       glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,EBO);
       glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(indices),indices,GL_STATIC_DRAW);



       glBindVertexArray(0);


       //渲染器
       unsigned int vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
       glShaderSource(vertexShader,1 ,&vertexShaderSource,NULL); // 相当于bind
       glCompileShader(vertexShader);

       int success; char infoLog[512];

       glGetShaderiv(vertexShader,GL_COMPILE_STATUS,&success);
       if(!success)
       {
           glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader,512,NULL,infoLog);
           qDebug()<<"Error "<< infoLog;
       }

       unsigned int fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
       glShaderSource(fragmentShader ,1 ,&fragmentShaderSource,NULL); // 相当于bind
       glCompileShader(fragmentShader );

       glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader,GL_COMPILE_STATUS,&success);
       if(!success)
       {
           glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader,512,NULL,infoLog);
           qDebug()<<"Error "<< infoLog;
       }

       shaderProgram= glCreateProgram(); // 只有一种program 不用类型了
       glAttachShader(shaderProgram,vertexShader);
       glAttachShader(shaderProgram,fragmentShader);
       glLinkProgram(shaderProgram); //就是设置了

       glGetShaderiv(shaderProgram,GL_LINK_STATUS,&success);
       if(!success)
       {
           glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram,512,NULL,infoLog);
           qDebug()<<"Error "<< infoLog;
       }


       glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
       glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);


       //glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_LINE);
}

void AXBOpenGLWidget::resizeGL(int w, int h)
{
    Q_UNUSED(w);
    Q_UNUSED(h);
}

void AXBOpenGLWidget::paintGL()
{
    glClearColor(0.f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    glUseProgram(shaderProgram);

    glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    //glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,EBO);
    //glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES,0,6);
    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES,6,GL_UNSIGNED_INT,0);
}