2021-2022-1 20212820《Linux内核原理与分析》第三周作业

完成一个简单的时间片轮转多道程序内核代码

实验步骤：

• 使用实验楼的虚拟机打开 shell

•  输入如下代码

  # 注意路径是区分大小的
  $ cd ~/LinuxKernel/linux-3.9.4
  
  $ rm -rf mykernel
  
  $ patch -p1 < ../mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch
  
  $ make allnoconfig
  
  # 编译内核请耐心等待
  $ make
  
  $ qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage

• 然后 cd mykernel 查看 qemu 窗口输出的内容的代码 mymain.c 和 myinterrupt.c

实验结果：

使用make 编译内核

 下图默认执行：

 

查看mymain.c文件

 

 查看myinterrupt.c文件：

mykernel时间片轮转代码分析

新增mypcb.h

#define MAX_TASK_NUM        4
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE   1024*2
/* CPU-specific state of this task */

struct Thread {
	unsigned long       ip;		//eip
	unsigned long       sp;		//esp
};

typedef struct PCB{
	int pid;		//进程id
	volatile long state;	//-1表示不可运行，0表示可运行，>0表示停止
	unsigned long stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];		//内核堆栈
	struct Thread thread;		//线程
	unsigned long   task_entry;		//入口
 	struct PCB *next;		//next指针
}tPCB;

void my_schedule(void);

修改mymain.c（主函数）

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>


#include "mypcb.h"

tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;
volatile int my_need_sched = 0;

void my_process(void);


void __init my_start_kernel(void)		//入口
{
    int pid = 0;
    int i;
    /* Initialize process 0*/
    task[pid].pid = pid;
    task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
    task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
    task[pid].next = &task[pid];
    /*fork more process */
    for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
    {
        memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));		//把0号进程的状态赋给新进程
        task[i].pid = i;		//初始化进程ID		
        task[i].state = -1;		//设置为不可运行
        task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];	//初始化堆栈指针
        task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
        task[i-1].next = &task[i];
    }
    /* start process 0 by task[0] */
    pid = 0;
    my_current_task = &task[pid];
	asm volatile(
    	"movl %1,%%esp\n\t" 	/* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
    	"pushl %1\n\t" 	        /* push ebp */
    	"pushl %0\n\t" 	        /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
    	"ret\n\t" 	            /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
    	"popl %%ebp\n\t"
    	: 
    	: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp)	/* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
	);
}   
void my_process(void)		//进程执行，中间放一个无限循环
{
    int i = 0;
    while(1)
    {
        i++;
        if(i%10000000 == 0)
        {
            printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
            if(my_need_sched == 1)
            {
                my_need_sched = 0;
        	    my_schedule();		//若需要调度,则执行调度函数
        	}
        	printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
        }     
    }
}

修改myinterrupt.c(中断控制函数)

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>

#include "mypcb.h"

extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;

/*
 * Called by timer interrupt.
 * it runs in the name of current running process,
 * so it use kernel stack of current running process
 */
void my_timer_handler(void)			
{
#if 1
    if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
    {
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
        my_need_sched = 1;
    } 
    time_count ++ ;  
#endif
    return;  	
}

void my_schedule(void)		//调度函数
{
    tPCB * next;
    tPCB * prev;

    if(my_current_task == NULL 
        || my_current_task->next == NULL)
    {
    	return;
    }
    printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
    /* schedule */
    next = my_current_task->next;
    prev = my_current_task;
    if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    {
    	my_current_task = next; 
    	printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);  
    	/* switch to next process */
    	asm volatile(	
        	"pushl %%ebp\n\t" 	    /* 保存当前EBP到堆栈中 */
        	"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" 	/* 保存当前ESP到当前进程PCB中 */
        	"movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* 将next进程的堆栈栈顶的值存到ESP寄存器 */
        	"movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* 保存当前进程的EIP值 */	
        	"pushl %3\n\t" 			/* 将next进程继续执行的代码位置压栈 */
        	"ret\n\t" 	            /* 出栈标号1到EIP寄存器 */
        	"1:\t"                  /* 标号1，即next进程开始执行的位置 */
        	"popl %%ebp\n\t"		/* 恢复EBP寄存器的值 */
        	: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
        	: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
    	); 
 	
    }
    else
    {
        next->state = 0;
        my_current_task = next;
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
    	/* switch to new process */
    	asm volatile(	
        	"pushl %%ebp\n\t" 	    /* 保存当前进程EBP到堆栈 */
        	"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" 	/* 保存当前进程ESP到PCB */
        	"movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* 载入next进程的栈顶地址到ESP寄存器 */
        	"movl %2,%%ebp\n\t"     /* 载入next进程的堆栈基地址到EBP寄存器 */
        	"movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* 保存当前EIP寄存器值到PCB，这里$1f是指上面的标号1 */	
        	"pushl %3\n\t" 			/* 把即将执行的进程代码入口地址入栈 */
        	"ret\n\t" 	            /* 出栈进程的代码入口地址到EIP寄存器 */
        	: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
        	: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
    	);          
    }   
    return;	
}

再次退回到linux-3.9.4目录下 make 然后执行qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage

总结

计算机工作的三个法宝：

• 存储程序计算机
• 函数调用堆栈
• 中断机制

        通过本次实验楼的学习，我对于操作系统的工作原理更加清楚。最重要的是：在操作系统中，当时间片用完需要切换进程时，需要保存进程的运行环境和进度，待下次再被调度时，需要恢复这样的运行环境。