nginx的配置文件详解

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1.nginx的相关目录

1. /usr/local/nginx目录是nginx安装成功后，默认生成的目录。
2. nginx的启动文件在/usr/local/nginx/sbin目录下。
3. nginx的生效的主配置文件是/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

2.nginx配置文件的结构

...			#全局块
events {	#events块
   ...
}
http {	#http块
    ...   
    server {	#server块 
        ...      
        location [PATTERN]  {   #location块
            ...
        }
        location [PATTERN]  {	 #location块
            ...
        }
    }
    server {	#server块
      ...
    }
    ...     #http全局块
}

3.include子配置文件

在生效的主配置文件中的http{}配置块中，用include包含其他目录的自定义配置文件，并令其生效。
(每次重新配置文件都需要重启nginx服务器或者重新加载配置文件)

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include    /www/nginx/*.conf;  # 在http的配置块中配置
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

其他目录/www/nginx/*.conf的配置文件：

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }

4.配置反向代理和负载均衡

简单的配置

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    # 配置反向代理服务器的ip列表
    upstream myserverlist {   
      server 127.0.0.1:8888 weight=1;	# 负载均衡配置权重（加权轮询）
      server 192.168.1.1:9999 weight=1;	# # 负载均衡配置权重（加权轮询）
    }
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
             # 请求myserverlist 定义的服务器列表
            proxy_pass  http://myserverlist ; 
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

5.前端静态资源部署

server {
       listen       80;
       server_name  127.0.0.1;
       location /prod-api/ {
       		# proxy_set_header用来重定义发往后端服务器的请求头
            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8888/;
        }
        location / {
            root   /www/dist;	# 访问127.0.0.1:80地址的时候，定位到/www/dist文件夹下的首页index.html
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }