The gut microbiota affects many important host functions, including the immune response and the nervous system1. However, while substantial progress has been made in growing diverse microorganisms of the microbiota2, 23-65% of species residing in the human gut remain uncultured3,4, which is an obstacle for understanding their biological roles. A likely reason for this unculturability is the absence in artificial media of key growth factors that are provided by neighbouring bacteria in situ5,6. In the present study, we used co-culture to isolate KLE1738, which required the presence of Bacteroides fragilis to grow. Bioassay-driven purification of B. fragilis supernatant led to the isolation of the growth factor, which, surprisingly, is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid). GABA was the only tested nutrient that supported the growth of KLE1738, and a genome analysis supported a GABA-dependent metabolism mechanism. Using growth of KLE1738 as an indicator, we
GABA-modulating bacteria of the human gut microbiota(GABA调节人肠道微生物群的细菌)
研究表明,肠道微生物中的GABA(γ-氨基丁酸)产生和消耗与人体健康,尤其是抑郁症有关。KLE1738等细菌需要GABA才能生长,而Bacteroides等属能大量产生GABA。抑郁症患者的粪便中Bacteroides丰度与大脑抑郁症相关标志物呈负相关,揭示了肠道微生物与神经递质之间的联系。
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