封装总结

封装总结：

staic ->类属性和类方法,这样就与类进行了绑定了
没有this指针，跟着类走的
static int s_count;
int People:😒_count=123;//此时才分配内存空间
私有化构造函数，设置静态函数来调用构造方法
：安全，降低内存管理的难度（创建时可以放入一个内存池进行管理）

class Mysort{
    static void sortInsert(){
        cout<<"1223"<<endl;
    }
    static void sortQuick(){
        cout<<"1223"<<endl;
    }
    static void sortInsert(){
        cout<<"1223"<<endl;
    }
    static void sortSelect(){
        cout<<"1223"<<endl;
    }
}

const 修饰类成员属性，成员方法，修饰静态成员，修饰成员函数，
string &getName{}const 不能对类this对象修改

void addAge()const{
   this->age=18//报错
   
}
声明为mutable int age后可进行修改
int*p=(int*)&(this->age);//拿到对应的指针进行强制修改也可
*p=123;

const 不能修饰static方法
const 可以在声明时直接对变量初始化

const static int count =0;//全局常量
可以在const 方法修改staic

A a=1;//1->A//这里会出现隐士转换
A b(1);A c(1.0);//这里会出现类型转换
//这里可以在构造函数 A(int n): _n(n){}前面加上explicit（显嗲式调用） 取消隐式转换

RVO（返回值优化）：

C++的一种编译优化技术：
可以省略函数返回过程中复制构造函数的多余调用
解决“C++中临时对象的效率问题”

Class A{
    private :
        int _n;
    public:
    A(){
        cout<<"default constructor"<<endl;
    };
    A(int n) :_n(n){
        cout<<"int constructor! address ="<<this<<endl;
    }
    A(const A&a){
        cout<<"copy constructor address ="<<this<<endl;
    }
    ~A(){
        cout<<"desctructor! address ="<<this<<endl;
    }
    void operator =（const A&a）{
        cout<<"operator=!!"<<endl;
    }
};
A func(){
    A temp(123);
    return temp;
}
//g++ -fno-elide-constructors a.cpp
int main(){
     A a=func();
     //A a(123)
     // A b=a;//拷贝构造函数
     //A b(a);

     /*
     A a(123);
     A b;//此时已经完成了构造
     b=a;//这里是赋值
     */
     return 0;
}

Class A{
    private :
        int _n;
    public:
    A(){
        cout<<"default constructor"<<endl;
    };
    A(int n) :_n(n){
        cout<<"int constructor! address ="<<this<<endl;
    }
    A(const A&a){
        cout<<"copy constructor address ="<<this<<endl;
    }
    ~A(){
        cout<<"desctructor! address ="<<this<<endl;
    }
    void operator =（const A&a）{
        cout<<"operator=!!"<<endl;
    }
};
class B{
    private:
    A da;
    A*pA;
    public:
    //参数的初始化列表效率高
    B(A*a):da(*a),pA(new A(*a)){
            cout<<"B copy constructor111"<<endl;

    }
    B(A a){
        cout<<"B copy constructor222"<<endl;
        this->da=a;
        this->pA=new A(a);
    }
};
A func(){
    
    A temp(123);
    return temp;
}
//g++ -fno-elide-constructors a.cpp
int main(){
    A a;
    B b=&a;
    cout<<"======="<<endl;
    B c=a;
    cout<<"======="<<endl;
     //A a=func();
     //A a(123)
     // A b=a;//拷贝构造函数
     //A b(a);

     /*
     A a(123);
     A b;//此时已经完成了构造
     b=a;//这里是赋值
     */
     return 0;
}

内存泄漏检测：

//memcheck.h
#ifndef _MEMCHECK_H_
#define _MEMCHECK_H_
#include <iostream>
#include<unordered_map>
struct MemInfo{
    MemInfo(const char*mFile,unsigned long mLine,unsigned long mSize)
    :file(mFile),line(mLine),size(mSize)
    {
        
    }
    std::string file;
    unsigned long line;
    unsigned long size;
};
void* operator new(size_t size, const char* file, unsigned long line);
void* operator new[](size_t size, const char* file, unsigned long line);
void operator delete(void* ptr);
void operator delete[](void* ptr);
//有在这个宏定义会调系统里的new函数
#ifndef _NEW_OVERLOAD_IMPLEMENTATION_
#define new new(__FILE__, __LINE__)
#define delete delete(__FILE__, __LINE__)
#endif
class MemCheck{
private:
 std::unordered_map<void*,MemInfo*>MemPool;
  unsigned long totalMemSize;
 static MemCheck memcheck;
 static bool checkStatus;
public:
~MemCheck();//在析构函数中输出泄露内存信息
//保存内存信息
static void setMemInfo(void* p, const char* file, unsigned long line,
unsigned long size);
//删除释放内存信息
static void deleteMemInfo(void* p);
};
#endif


//memcheck.cpp
#define _NEW_OVERLOAD_IMPLEMENTATION_
#include "memcheck.h"
void *operator new [](size_t size,const char*file,unsigned long line){
    if(size==0)size=1;
    void *ptr=malloc(size);
    if(ptr==nullptr){
       std::cout<<"ERROR New[]"<<std::endl;
    }else{
    MemCheck::setMemInfo(ptr,file,line,size);
    }
    return ptr;
}
void operator delete[](void*ptr){
   MemCheck::deleteMemInfo(ptr);
    if(ptr) free(ptr);
}
void* operator new(size_t size,const char*file,unsigned long line){
    if(size==0)size=1;
    void *ptr=malloc(size);
    if(ptr==nullptr){
       std::cout<<"ERROR New"<<std::endl;
    }else{
    MemCheck::setMemInfo(ptr,file,line,size);
    }
    return ptr;
}
void operator delete(void*ptr){
    MemCheck::deleteMemInfo(ptr);
    if(ptr) free(ptr);  
}
bool MemCheck::checkStatus=true;
std::unordered_map<void*,MemInfo>MemCheck::MemPool;
MemCheck MemCheck:: memcheck;
Memcheck ::MemCheck(){
  std::cout<<"======MemCheck constructor====="<<std::endl;
}
Memcheck ::~MemCheck(){
checkStatus=false;
    std::cout<<"========MemCheck destructor====="<<std::endl;
  if(MemPool.size()>0){
      std::cout<<"--------------leak memory info begin-------"<<std::endl;
      for(auto it:MemPool){
         std::cout<<"Leak Memory Address ["<<it.first<<"]";
         std::cout<<"File ["<<it.second.file<<"]";
         std::cout<<"Line ["<<it.second.line<<"]";
         std::cout<<"Size ["<<it.second.size<<"]";
         std::cout>>std::endl;
         //delete it.second;
      }
      std::cout<<"------------------leak memory info end---------"<<std::endl;
  }
}
oid MemCheck::setMemInfo(void*p,char*file,unsigned long line,unsigned long size){
if(!checkStatus)return ;
     std::cout<<"MALLCO Address ["<<p<<"],";
     std::cout<<" size["<<size<< "]";
     std::cout<<std::endl;
     MemInfo pInfo(file,line,size);
     memcheck.totalMemSize+=size;
     memcheck.MemPool[p]=pInfo;
      std::cout<<"Total Memory Size ="<<memcheck.totalMemSize<<std::endl;
}
void MemCheck::deleteMemInfo(void*p){
if(!checkStatus)return ;
    std::cout<<"FREE Address ["<<p<<"],"<<std::endl;
     //std::cout<<" size["<<size<< "]";
     //std::cout<<std::endl;
    auto pInfo= memcheck.MemPool.find(p);
    if(pInfo!=memcheck.MemPool.end()){
        memcheck.totalMemSize-=pInfo->second.size;
         std::cout<<"Total Memory Size ="<<memcheck.totalMemSize<<std::endl;

    //    delete pInfo->second;
        memcheck.MemPool.erase(pInfo);
    }
   // totalMemsize-=(pInfo->second).size;
}


//main.cpp
#include<iostream>
#incclude "memcheck.h"
using namespace std;
class A{};
int main(){
    A*p=new A();
    int *n=new int[401];
    int*p=new char[400];
    delete[] p;
    cout<<sizeof(A)<<endl;
    return 0;
}